HISTORY SA3 SUMMARY

What was the population of London in 1750 and what did it grow to by 1880?

In 1750, London's population was 675,000, but by the year 1880, it surged dramatically to approximately 4 million residents, reflecting a significant urbanization and migration influx.

What was London known for in the 19th century despite lacking large factories?

During the 19th century, London became renowned as a vibrant industrial center, excelling in various industries such as clothing, footwear, furniture manufacturing, and precision engineering, despite the absence of large-scale factories.

How many criminals were estimated to be in London during the 1870s?

In the 1870s, it was estimated that around 20,000 criminals were active in London, indicating a notable issue with crime and law enforcement during this period.

What was one major health concern in London due to housing conditions?

A significant public health concern in London arose from the existence of overcrowded and unsanitary slums, which fostered the spread of diseases and highlighted the need for urban reform.

Who inspired the housing designs with plants and trees in London after WWI?

The 'Garden City' concept, which emphasized integrating nature with urban living, was pioneered by Ebenezer Howard, leading to innovative housing designs that incorporated plants and trees in London following World War I.

When did the world's first underground railway open in London?

The world's first underground railway commenced operations on January 10, 1863, revolutionizing public transport in London by facilitating easier movement across the city.

What impact did industrialization have on family dynamics in the working class?

Industrialization had a profound impact on the family dynamics of working-class households, resulting in weakened ties due to the demands of factory work, which often required long hours and separated family members.

What role did pubs serve for the working class in London?

Pubs acted as essential social hubs for the working-class population in London, providing a space for relaxation, socialization, and political organization outside the formal structures of society.

What are the three Presidency cities of India mentioned in the lecture?

The three notable Presidency cities of India referenced are Bombay (now Mumbai), Calcutta (now Kolkata), and Madras (now Chennai), each serving as significant administrative and economic centers during British colonial rule.

When was Bombay ceded to Britain, and under what circumstances?

In 1661, Bombay was ceded to Britain as part of a royal marriage treaty between Portugal and England, signifying the geopolitical interests of the time.

What significant development occurred in Bombay in 1854?

In 1854, the establishment of the first textile mill in Bombay marked a pivotal development in the city's industrial landscape, laying the groundwork for its future as a manufacturing hub.

What type of housing did most workers live in Bombay?

The majority of workers in Bombay resided in 'chawls,' which were multi-story tenement buildings consisting of compact single-room units that emphasized communal living.

What project joined Bombay's seven islands?

The Hornby Vellard project was a significant engineering endeavor that connected Bombay's seven islands, enhancing urban development and accessibility.

What film marked the growth of the Indian film industry in Bombay?

Dadasaheb Phalke’s 'Raja Harishchandra', released in 1913, is regarded as the film that signaled the growth and evolution of the Indian film industry based in Bombay.

What health crisis led to town planning and slum clearances in Bombay?

The severe plague epidemic of 1898 prompted urgent public health measures, leading to systematic town planning, slum clearances, and improved sanitary conditions in Bombay.

What did cities like Bombay offer despite overcrowding and challenges?

Cities like Bombay, despite facing issues of overcrowding and inadequate infrastructure, provided migrants with valuable economic opportunities and the promise of upward social mobility.