Civics Unit 2 Test

French and Indian War (Seven Years' War)

French and Indian War (Seven Years' War)

(1754-1763) War fought between the English and the French for possession of the Ohio Valley area.

-The English won.

Ohio Valley

-Land around the Ohio River; west of the Appalachian Mountains

-Fought over by British and French

Albany Plan

-Proposed by B. Franklin

-Attempt to get 13 colonies to join together to fight the French

Results of the French and Indian War

-England got all of Canada & land east of Mississippi River

-England was in debt

Proclamation of 1763

Order by King George that closed the land west of the Appalachian Mountains to settlement by colonists. (A line that prevented colonists from moving west.)

King George III

British Monarch during French and Indian War and American Revolution

Stamp Act

Placed a tax on everyday items

-Legal Documents (marriage licenses, birth certificates)

-Taxed dice, cards

Boycott

A refusal to buy or use something.

Repeal

to cancel; to get rid of

Townshend Acts (1767)

Tax on lead, paint, tea, glass, and paper.

Goods came from England

Writs of Assistance

Legal document that enabled officers to search homes and warehouses for goods that might be smuggled

Duty

A tax on imported goods

Tea Act

-Allowed British East India Company to sell tea to the colonists at a lower price.

-Led to the Boston Tea Party

Continental Congress

-An assembly composed of delegates from the 13 colonies

-Met in Philadelphia

Delegate

A person appointed or elected to represent others

Common Sense

-Written by Thomas Paine in 1776

-Urged colonists to support independence

John Locke's Natural Rights

Life, Liberty, and Property

Thomas Jefferson's Inalienable Rights

Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of happiness

Declaration of Independence

-Signed in July 1776

-It declared the United States as a free state/country

Quartering Act

-Colonists had to provide food and shelter to British Troops

Constitution

A written plan for a government.

Articles of Confederation

-1st government of the United States

-13 States worked together

-Created a weak national government and strong states

Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation

-No president

-The Congress couldn't enforce its laws

-National government could only borrow money, couldn't tax

Shays Rebellion

-Led by Daniel Shays, a farmer from Massachusetts

-National government didn't have the power to stop the rebellion

-Government needs to change

Constitutional Convention

-55 men met to revise the Articles of Confederation

-In Independence Hall, Philadelphia, PA

George Washington

Elected president of the convention

James Madison

“Father of Constitution”

Proposed the Virginia Plan

Issues to address

-Distribution of power

-Individual rights

-How states are represented

-Slavery

Virginia Plan

-Favored states with larger populations

-3 Branches

-Representation was proportional = larger states = more representatives

Bicameral

2 Houses

a) Lower House

b) Upper House

(# of Representatives based on population)

New Jersey Plan

-Proposed by William Patterson

-Each state = 1 vote

-Made smaller states equal to larger states

Unicameral Legislature

1 House Congress

Executive Branch

(President, Vice President)

Enforces the laws

Judicial Branch

(Court System)

Decide on the law

Legislative Branch

(Congress)

Make the laws

Roger Sherman

Proposed the Great Compromise/Connecticut Compromise

Compromise

An agreement where each side gives in a little to make both sides happy

House of Representatives

The lower house of the United States Congress

-Representation based on population

Senate

The upper house of the United States Congress

-2 Senators/state = Equal representation

Three-Fifths Compromise

Agreement where each slave counted as 3/5 of a person for determining representation and taxation.

Electoral College

A group that elects the president

Slave Trade

Ended 1808

Federalists

Individuals that supported the constitution

Federalists Key Leaders

• Alexander Hamilton

• James Madison

• John Jay

Federalist Papers

A collection of 85 articles written by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison to defend the Constitution

Anti-Federalists

People who opposed the Constitution

Northern Three-Fifths Compromise

Taxation

Southern Three-Fifths Compromise

Representation

Article 1

Legislative Branch

(Congress) Makes the laws

Article 2

Executive Branch

(President, Vice President) Enforces the laws

Article 3

Judicial Branch

(Court System) Decides on the laws

Article 4

Explains relationship between states and national government

Article 5

Describes when and how the Constitution can be changed

Article 6

Declares the Constitution “Supreme Laws of the Land”

Article 7

Describes how the Constitution was to be ratified