Top 200 Anti-infective and cardiology

Acyclovir (Therapeutic Classification)

Viral DNA Polymerase Inhibitor TherapeuticClassification

Acyclovir (FDA Label Indication)

Genital Herpes (active and suppressive), Herpes zoster, Varicella (chickenpox), cold sores FDALabelIndication

Acyclovir (Pregnancy Category)

None PregnancyCategory

Acyclovir (Box Warning)

None BoxWarning

Acyclovir (Common Adverse Drug Reaction)

Headaches, Elevated LFTs CommonAdverseDrugReaction

Acyclovir (Mechanism of Action)

Acyclovir is an acyclic nucleoside analogue of deoxyguanosine that is selectively phosphorylated by the virus-encoded thymidine kinase to its monophosphate form. Cellular enzymes then convert the monophosphate to the active antiviral acyclovir triphosphate, which competitively inhibits viral DNA synthesis by inactivation of viral DNA polymerase and incorporation into and termination of viral DNA replication. Acyclovir has potent activity against HSV I and II and HZV (VZV). MechanismofAction

Acyclovir (Key Patient Counseling Points)

Complete full course of therapy; administer with high-fat meals or grapefruit juice. Avoid pregnancy for at least 1 mo posttreatment. In children or those with difficulty swallowing tablets, tablets can be crushed or chewed and swallowed with water. Patients with nematode infection should wash underwear and bedding often in hot water to prevent recurrent infections KeyPatientCounselingPoints

Acyclovir (Brand Name)

Zovirax BrandName

Zovirax (Generic Name)

Acyclovir BrandToGeneric

Amoxicillin (Therapeutic Classification)

β-Lactam Antibiotic TherapeuticClassification

Amoxicillin (FDA Label Indication)

Acute otitis media; lower respiratory tract infection; Strep pharyngitis; ear,nose and throat infection; infection of skin and genitourinary system; H. pylori FDALabelIndication

Amoxicillin (Pregnancy Category)

None PregnancyCategory

Amoxicillin (Box Warning)

None BoxWarning

Amoxicillin (Common Adverse Drug Reaction)

Diarrhea, nausea CommonAdverseDrugReaction

Amoxicillin (Mechanism of Action)

Semisynthetic penicillin derivative that inhibits the biosynthesis of bacterial cell wall mucopeptide. Typically active against Streptococcus, Enterococcus, Staphylococcus, and Enterobacteriaceae. MechanismofAction

Amoxicillin (Key Patient Counseling Points)

Complete full course of therapy. For the suspension, shake well and store in the refrigerator. Note short expiration after reconstitution. Can take with food if causes upset stomach. Avoid mixing suspension with food or beverages and use with measuring device that comes with prescription. Symptoms should improve within 2-3 d; if they worsen, seek follow-up with health-care practitioner. May decrease effectiveness of oral contraceptives; encourage patients to use backup contraceptive method (eg, condom) KeyPatientCounselingPoints

Amoxicillin (Brand Name)

Amoxil, Moxatag, Trimox BrandName

Amoxil, Moxatag, Trimox (Generic Name)

Amoxicillin BrandToGeneric

Amoxicillin; Clavulanate Potassium (Therapeutic Classification)

β-Lactam Antibiotic TherapeuticClassification

Amoxicillin; Clavulanate Potassium (FDA Label Indication)

Acute otits media;CAP; lower respiratory infection; Sinusitis, infection of skin, genitourinary system; UTI acute cystitis, UTI pyelonephritis FDALabelIndication

Amoxicillin; Clavulanate Potassium (Pregnancy Category)

None PregnancyCategory

Amoxicillin; Clavulanate Potassium (Box Warning)

None BoxWarning

Amoxicillin; Clavulanate Potassium (Common Adverse Drug Reaction)

Nausea, diarrhea CommonAdverseDrugReaction

Amoxicillin; Clavulanate Potassium (Mechanism of Action)

Amoxicillin is a semisynthetic penicillin derivative. Typically active against Streptococcus, Enterococcus, Staphylococcus, and Enterobacteriaceae. Amoxicillin is not effective against β-lactamase-producing bacteria. Clavulanate, a β-lactamase inhibitor, has weak antibacterial activity but is a potent inhibitor of plasmid-mediated β-lactamases and protects amoxicillin from degradation by β-lactamases. MechanismofAction

Amoxicillin; Clavulanate Potassium (Key Patient Counseling Points)

Complete full course of therapy. Take dose with food to ensure proper absorption. For the suspension, shake well and store in the refrigerator. Note short expiration after reconstitution of 10 d. Avoid mixing suspension with food or beverages. Symptoms should improve within 2-3 d; if they worsen, seek follow-up with health-care practitioner. May decrease effectiveness of oral contraceptives; encourage patients to use backup contraceptive method (eg, condom). KeyPatientCounselingPoints

Amoxicillin; Clavulanate Potassium (Brand Name)

Augmentin (XR) BrandName

Augmentin (XR) (Generic Name)

Amoxicillin; Clavulanate Potassium BrandToGeneric

Azithromycin (Therapeutic Classification)

Macrolide TherapeuticClassification

Azithromycin (FDA Label Indication)

Acute infective exacerbation of COPD, skin/tissue infection; Bacterial sinusitis, Chancroid, nongonococcal cervicitis, nongonococcal urethritis; CAP; STIs; Strep pharyngitis FDALabelIndication

Azithromycin (Pregnancy Category)

None PregnancyCategory

Azithromycin (Box Warning)

None BoxWarning

Azithromycin (Common Adverse Drug Reaction)

Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting CommonAdverseDrugReaction

Azithromycin (Mechanism of Action)

Azithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic that is slightly less active than erythromycin against gram-positive bacteria but substantially more active against M. (B.), Haemophilus sp., Legionella sp., Neisseria sp., Bordetella sp., Mycoplasma sp., and C. trachomatis. Azithromycin binds to the 50S ribosomal subunit, thus interfering with microbial protein synthesis. MechanismofAction

Azithromycin (Key Patient Counseling Points)

Complete full course of therapy. Take tablets with or without food, although some patients report increased tolerability when given with food. Avoid mixing suspension with food or beverages, but food can be taken afterward. Symptoms should improve within 2-3 d; if they worsen, seek follow-up with health-care practitioner. KeyPatientCounselingPoints

Azithromycin (Brand Name)

Zithromax BrandName

Zithromax (Generic Name)

Azithromycin BrandToGeneric

Cefdinir (Therapeutic Classification)

3rd-Gen Cephalosporin TherapeuticClassification

Cefdinir (FDA Label Indication)

Acute otits media, pharyngitis, tonsillitis; Bronchitis, acute & secondary; CAP; COPD acute exacerbation; Strep pharyngitis FDALabelIndication

Cefdinir (Pregnancy Category)

None PregnancyCategory

Cefdinir (Box Warning)

None BoxWarning

Cefdinir (Common Adverse Drug Reaction)

Diarrhea CommonAdverseDrugReaction

Cefdinir (Mechanism of Action)

Cefdinir is a 3rd-generation cephalosporin with activity against a number of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria including β-lactamase-producing strains MechanismofAction

Cefdinir (Key Patient Counseling Points)

Complete full course of therapy. For the suspension, shake well and can be stored at room temperature. Note 10 d expiration after reconstitution. Avoid mixing suspension with food or beverages, but food can be taken afterward. Symptoms should improve within 2-3 d; if they worsen, seek follow-up with HCP. Separate administration of antacids, iron, and vitamins by 2 h. KeyPatientCounselingPoints

Cefdinir (Brand Name)

Omnicef BrandName

Omnicef (Generic Name)

Cefdinir BrandToGeneric

Cephalexin (Therapeutic Classification)

1st-Gen Cephalosporin TherapeuticClassification

Cephalexin (FDA Label Indication)

Infection of skin and/or subcutaneous tissue; Osteomyelitis; Otitis media; Strep pharyngitis; Impetigo, ethyma; Cellulitis, erysipelas FDALabelIndication

Cephalexin (Pregnancy Category)

None PregnancyCategory

Cephalexin (Box Warning)

None BoxWarning

Cephalexin (Common Adverse Drug Reaction)

Nausea CommonAdverseDrugReaction

Cephalexin (Mechanism of Action)

Cephalexin is a 1st-generation cephalosporin that inhibits bacterial wall synthesis of actively dividing cells by binding to ≥1 penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs). Most gram-positive bacteria, including non-penicillinase- and penicillinase-producing staphylococci and streptococci. Activity against gram-negative bacteria is less than that observed with the 2nd- and 3rd-generation cephalosporins and is primarily restricted to E. coli, Klebsiella, and Proteus mirabilis. MechanismofAction

Cephalexin (Key Patient Counseling Points)

Seek medical attention if rash develops. Complete full course of therapy. For the suspension, shake well and store in the refrigerator. Note short expiration after reconstitution. Avoid mixing suspension with food or beverages, but food can be taken afterward. Symptoms should improve within 2-3 d; if they worsen, seek follow-up with health-care practitioner. KeyPatientCounselingPoints

Cephalexin (Brand Name)

Keflex BrandName

Keflex (Generic Name)

Cephalexin BrandToGeneric

Ciprofloxacin (Therapeutic Classification)

Fluoroquinolone TherapeuticClassification

Ciprofloxacin (FDA Label Indication)

Anthrax; Bacterial prostatits, chronic; Bronchitis, lower respiratory tract infection, infection of bone, skin or soft tissue, abdomen, sinusitis; UTI FDALabelIndication

Ciprofloxacin (Pregnancy Category)

*Contraindicated PregnancyCategory

Ciprofloxacin (Box Warning)

Serious adverse effects (tendon rupture, peripheral neuropathy, CNS), exacerbation of myasthenia gravis BoxWarning

Ciprofloxacin (Common Adverse Drug Reaction)

Tooth discoloration in infants, musculoskeletal signs and symptoms CommonAdverseDrugReaction

Ciprofloxacin (Mechanism of Action)

Ciprofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone that inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase. It is highly active against aerobic, gram-negative bacilli. MechanismofAction

Ciprofloxacin (Key Patient Counseling Points)

Seek medical attention if decreased urination, yellowing of eyes, blistering skin rash or extreme fatigue, unusual bruising or bleeding, shortness of breath or chest pain, tendon pain, muscle weakness, a "pins and needles" tingling or pricking sensation, numbness in the arms or legs, confusion or hallucinations. Take with or without food, but not with milk or other dairy products. Take ciprofloxacin at least 2 h before or 6 h after antacids, sucralfate, or mineral supplements and multivitamins with calcium, iron, or zinc. If using the suspension, shake well before use; suspension may be stored at room temperature. KeyPatientCounselingPoints

Ciprofloxacin (Brand Name)

Cipro (XR) BrandName

Cipro (XR) (Generic Name)

Ciprofloxacin BrandToGeneric

Clindamycin (Therapeutic Classification)

Lincosamide Antibiotic TherapeuticClassification

Clindamycin (FDA Label Indication)

Bacterial infectious disease, susceptible infections due to anaerobic organisms, staph, strep, pneumococci; Injection of skin; Infectious disease of abdomen; lower respiratory tract infection; pelvic inflammatory disease; septicemia; osteomyelitis; diabetic foot infection FDALabelIndication

Clindamycin (Pregnancy Category)

None PregnancyCategory

Clindamycin (Box Warning)

Colitis BoxWarning

Clindamycin (Common Adverse Drug Reaction)

Nausea CommonAdverseDrugReaction

Clindamycin (Mechanism of Action)

Clindamycin is a semisynthetic 7-chloro-7-deoxylincomycin derivative that is active against most gram-positive organisms except enterococci and Clostridium. difficile. Gram-negative aerobes are resistant, but most anaerobes are sensitive. It inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit; it is bactericidal or bacteriostatic depending on the concentration, organism, and inoculums. MechanismofAction

Clindamycin (Key Patient Counseling Points)

Complete full course of therapy. Symptoms should improve within 2-3 d; if they worsen, seek follow-up with HCP. Take with full glass of water. Remain upright for 30 min after dose to minimize risk of GI ulceration. KeyPatientCounselingPoints

Clindamycin (Brand Name)

Cleocin (oral, topical) BrandName

Cleocin (oral, topical) (Generic Name)

Clindamycin BrandToGeneric

Doxycycline (Therapeutic Classification)

Tetracycline Antibiotic TherapeuticClassification

Doxycycline (FDA Label Indication)

Acinetobacter infection; Acne vulgaris; Gonorrhea, uncomplicated; Staph infection; Pneumonia, CAP FDALabelIndication

Doxycycline (Pregnancy Category)

*Contraindicated 2nd & 3rd PregnancyCategory

Doxycycline (Box Warning)

None BoxWarning

Doxycycline (Common Adverse Drug Reaction)

Esophageal injury, photosensitivity; skin hyperpigmentation, tooth discoloration in children < 8 CommonAdverseDrugReaction

Doxycycline (Mechanism of Action)

Doxycycline is a broad-spectrum bacteriostatic compound that inhibits protein synthesis at the 30S ribosomal subunit. Activity includes gram-positive, gram-negative, aerobic, and anaerobic bacteria, as well as spirochetes, mycoplasmas, rickettsiae, chlamydiae, and some protozoa. Many bacteria have developed plasmid-mediated resistance. MechanismofAction

Doxycycline (Key Patient Counseling Points)

May take with food that does not contain calcium. Complete full course of therapy. Symptoms should improve within 2-3 d. May cause photosensitivity; discontinue at first sign of skin erythema. Wear sunscreen and avoid prolonged exposure to sunlight and ultraviolet light. Administer with 240 mL of water. KeyPatientCounselingPoints

Doxycycline (Brand Name)

Vibramycin, Doxy 100 BrandName

Vibramycin, Doxy 100 (Generic Name)

Doxycycline BrandToGeneric

Fluconazole (Therapeutic Classification)

Imidazole Antifungal TherapeuticClassification

Fluconazole (FDA Label Indication)

Candidal vulvovaginitis, uncomplicated & complicated; Candidiasis, systemic; Cryptococcal meningitis; Oropharyngeal candidiasis FDALabelIndication

Fluconazole (Pregnancy Category)

None PregnancyCategory

Fluconazole (Box Warning)

None BoxWarning

Fluconazole (Common Adverse Drug Reaction)

Headache CommonAdverseDrugReaction

Fluconazole (Mechanism of Action)

Fluconazole inhibits biosynthesis of ergosterol or other sterols, damaging the fungal cell wall membrane and altering its permeability MechanismofAction

Fluconazole (Key Patient Counseling Points)

Many medications, including OTC medications, interact with fluconazole. Do not take any new medications without consulting your doctor or pharmacist. If taking a weekly dose, take on same day and time each week KeyPatientCounselingPoints

Fluconazole (Brand Name)

Diflucan BrandName

Diflucan (Generic Name)

Fluconazole BrandToGeneric

Ketoconazole (Therapeutic Classification)

Imidazole Antifungal TherapeuticClassification

Ketoconazole (FDA Label Indication)

Candidiasis of skin; Dandruff; Pityriasis versicolor; Seborrheic dermatitis; Tinea corporis; Tinea cruris; Tinea pedis FDALabelIndication

Ketoconazole (Pregnancy Category)

None PregnancyCategory

Ketoconazole (Box Warning)

None BoxWarning

Ketoconazole (Common Adverse Drug Reaction)

Application site reaction with foam CommonAdverseDrugReaction

Ketoconazole (Mechanism of Action)

Ketoconazole inhibits biosynthesis of ergosterol or other sterols, damaging the fungal cell wall membrane and altering its permeability MechanismofAction

Ketoconazole (Key Patient Counseling Points)

Apply thin layer to affected area of skin. Skin should be intact. Do not get it in your eyes, nose, mouth, or vagina. Do not wash the areas where you applied this medicine for at least 3 h after application. Cosmetics (makeup or sunscreens) may be put on the affected areas 20 min after application. Topical products are alcohol based and flammable immediately after application. KeyPatientCounselingPoints

Ketoconazole (Brand Name)

Nizoral, Extina, Ketozole, Nizoral A-d, Xolegel (topical cream, gel, foam, shampoo) BrandName

Nizoral, Extina, Ketozole, Nizoral A-d, Xolegel (topical cream, gel, foam, shampoo) (Generic Name)

Ketoconazole BrandToGeneric

Levofloxacin (Therapeutic Classification)

Fluroquinolone Antibiotic TherapeuticClassification