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What event marked the unification of Germany in 1871?
The Franco-Prussian War.
What were Bismarck's aims regarding German foreign policy post-unification?
To maintain European equilibrium and prevent hostile alliances against Germany.
What role did nationalism and militarism play in Japan's foreign policy from 1853 to 1930?
They significantly influenced Japan's expansionist strategies.
Why did the Ottoman Empire decline after 1683?
Weakened political power, rising nationalism, and loss of military strength.
What was the main outcome of the Congress of Berlin in 1878?
The division of Bulgaria into three parts and recognition of several independent states.
What was a significant impact of the Franco-Prussian War on European politics?
It destabilized the balance of power in Europe and triggered an arms race.
What factors influenced Russian foreign policy towards the Balkans?
Support for Slavic nationalism and desire to maintain influence over Ottoman territories.
What was the significance of Bismarck's alliances established between 1879 and 1890?
They aimed to isolate France and promote stability in Europe.
What was the main point raised by historian M. S. Anderson regarding the San Stefano Treaty?
It represented Russia's ambition to expand its influence in the Balkans.
How does economic motive relate to Japan's territorial expansion?
Japan's industrial growth required secure access to essential resources like oil, iron, and coal.
What was the significance of the Eastern Question in European diplomacy?
It involved conflicts over the decline of the Ottoman Empire and competing interests of Austria and Russia.
What did the creation of the German Empire signify for European diplomacy after 1871?
A shift in the balance of power and increased tensions among existing powers.
What were the primary motivations behind the European scramble for Africa?
Strategic, economic, and nationalistic interests driven by competition among European powers.
How did the outcome of the Congress of Berlin affect Russia's position in Europe?
It weakened Russia's influence and led to increased tensions with other powers.
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