1. European Diplomacy 1878 - 1914

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1
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What event marked the unification of Germany in 1871?

The Franco-Prussian War.

2
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What were Bismarck's aims regarding German foreign policy post-unification?

To maintain European equilibrium and prevent hostile alliances against Germany.

3
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What role did nationalism and militarism play in Japan's foreign policy from 1853 to 1930?

They significantly influenced Japan's expansionist strategies.

4
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Why did the Ottoman Empire decline after 1683?

Weakened political power, rising nationalism, and loss of military strength.

5
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What was the main outcome of the Congress of Berlin in 1878?

The division of Bulgaria into three parts and recognition of several independent states.

6
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What was a significant impact of the Franco-Prussian War on European politics?

It destabilized the balance of power in Europe and triggered an arms race.

7
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What factors influenced Russian foreign policy towards the Balkans?

Support for Slavic nationalism and desire to maintain influence over Ottoman territories.

8
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What was the significance of Bismarck's alliances established between 1879 and 1890?

They aimed to isolate France and promote stability in Europe.

9
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What was the main point raised by historian M. S. Anderson regarding the San Stefano Treaty?

It represented Russia's ambition to expand its influence in the Balkans.

10
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How does economic motive relate to Japan's territorial expansion?

Japan's industrial growth required secure access to essential resources like oil, iron, and coal.

11
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What was the significance of the Eastern Question in European diplomacy?

It involved conflicts over the decline of the Ottoman Empire and competing interests of Austria and Russia.

12
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What did the creation of the German Empire signify for European diplomacy after 1871?

A shift in the balance of power and increased tensions among existing powers.

13
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What were the primary motivations behind the European scramble for Africa?

Strategic, economic, and nationalistic interests driven by competition among European powers.

14
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How did the outcome of the Congress of Berlin affect Russia's position in Europe?

It weakened Russia's influence and led to increased tensions with other powers.