Protein Synthesis Lecture Notes

Flashcards for reviewing key concepts related to protein synthesis, including transcription, translation, and mRNA modifications.

What are the two stages of protein synthesis?

Transcription and Translation.

What strand of DNA serves as the template for RNA synthesis?

The antisense strand.

What enzyme catalyzes the formation of mRNA from DNA?

RNA polymerase.

What modifications occur to mRNA after transcription?

Removal of introns and addition of 5' cap and poly-A tail.

What are introns?

Non-coding sections of mRNA that are removed during post-transcriptional modification.

What is a codon?

A sequence of three bases in mRNA that codes for one amino acid.

What role do aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases play?

They catalyze the binding of amino acids to their corresponding tRNA.

What happens when a ribosome reaches a stop codon during translation?

The ribosome releases the polypeptide chain and detaches from the mRNA.

What is the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?

tRNA carries specific amino acids to the ribosome, matching them to the codons in mRNA.

What are the complementary base pairing rules in RNA?

Adenine pairs with Uracil, and Cytosine pairs with Guanine.

The process where DNA is copied into RNA is called _.

Transcription.

In translation, amino acids are linked together to form a _.

Polypeptide chain.

The _ strand of DNA is used as a template during transcription.

Antisense.

mRNA undergoes post-transcriptional modification that includes the addition of a _ cap.

5'.

A sequence of three bases in mRNA that corresponds to one amino acid is known as a _.

What is the process where DNA is copied into RNA?

Transcription.

What do amino acids link together to form during translation?

Polypeptide chain.

What strand of DNA serves as the template during transcription?

Antisense strand.

What modification is added to mRNA after transcription as a protective feature?

5' cap.

What is a sequence of three bases in mRNA that codes for one amino acid called?

Codon.