Organic Chemistry - Molecular Representations & Resonance

This flashcard set covers the key concepts from the Organic Chemistry lecture notes, focusing on molecular representations, bond-line structures, functional groups, resonance, and electron delocalization.

What are bond-line structures in organic chemistry?

Bond-line structures are representations that show the framework of a molecule with lines representing bonds between atoms.

Why are bond-line structures critical in organic chemistry?

They serve as the benchmark representations for organic compounds and are essential for accurately drawing structures.

What is Rule 1 for drawing bond-line structures?

sp2 and sp3 hybridized atoms in a straight chain should be drawn in zigzag format.

What does Rule 4 state about drawing bond-line structures?

All heteroatoms (atoms other than carbon and hydrogen) must be drawn, along with the H atoms attached to them.

What is a functional group in organic chemistry?

A functional group is a specific grouping of atoms within a molecule that is responsible for certain properties and reactions.

Name two examples of functional groups.

Alcohols and amines are two examples of functional groups.

How is formal charge related to resonance structures?

Formal charge must be indicated in resonance structures, as it affects the stability and reactivity of the molecule.

What must be shown when drawing resonance structures with curved arrows?

Curved arrows indicate the movement of electrons in resonance structures.

What does Rule 1 of assessing resonance structures emphasize?

The most significant resonance forms have the greatest number of filled octets.

Why is delocalization of electrons significant in resonance?

Delocalized electrons are more spread out, lower in energy, and more stable compared to localized electrons.

Define localized lone pairs.

Localized lone pairs are those that do not participate in resonance because they cannot overlap with an adjacent p orbital.