Den 112 Final

Discussing the rationale for use of dental images

Which of the following would be an example of the use of interpersonal skills rather than technical skills with patients?

A. Proper maintenance of processing equipment
B. Preventing light leaks in the darkroom
C. Discussing the rationale for use of dental images
D. Correct receptor positioning

A soft tone of voice

Good verbal communication skills for dental radiographers involve

A. A soft tone of voice
B. A loud tone of voice so that the patient may hear clearly
C. Using words such as cut, drill, and scrape to put the procedure in the patient's language so that the patient may understand
D. Speaking in a rushed manner to convince the patient that the radiographer is working hard

Do not look them directly in the eyes

Your patients will feel that you are indifferent to them if you do which of the following nonverbal communication actions?

A. Do not look them directly in the eyes
B. Lean slightly toward them
C. Have an attentive posture
D. Use consistent verbal and nonverbal messages

Show the patient his own periapical, bite-wing, or extraoral images on a computer monitor or television screen.

Digital imaging improves patient education because you can

A. Show the patient his own PA, BWX, or extraoral images on mounted images
B. Have your patient watch canned presentations about his normal and abnormal conditions
C. Show the patient his own PA, BMW, or extraoral images on a computer monitor/TV
D. Show the patient a prepared series of images illustrating typical normal and abnormal conditions

The dentist

Original dental images are the property of

A. Both patient and dentist
B. The patient
C. The government
D. The dentist

Malpractice or negligence

If you take dental images on your patient before getting his informed consent, your patient can legally claim

A. Disclosure
B. Conflict of interest
C. Statue of limitations
D. Malpractice or negligence

Select clothing that prevents skin and mucous membrane exposure to blood or other bodily fluids

What is important for you to remember about your protective clothing?

A. You can wear your protective clothing home
B. Select clothing that prevents skin and mucous membrane exposure to blood or other bodily fluids
C. Disposable protective clothing is required
D. You can re-wear your protective clothing a second day if it is not visibly soiled

Whenever spatter and aerosolized sprays of blood and saliva are likely

Under which of the following conditions must you wear your mask and safety glasses?

A. If desired
B. Only during surgical procedures
C. Whenever spatter and aerosolized sprays of blood and saliva are likely
D. When the high-speed handpiece is used

Chair adjustment, headrest adjustment, and placement of lead apron

After seating the patient, the radiographer must complete which of the following procedures before washing the hands and putting on gloves?
1. Chair adjustment
2. Headrest adjustment
3. Placement of the lead apron

A. 1, 2
B. 1, 2, 3
C. 2, 3
D. 3 only

Eyeglasses, dentures, and chewing gum

Which of the following items should be removed by the patient during preparation for dental image procedures?
1. Eyeglasses
2. Dentures
3. Chewing gum

A. 2 only
B. 2,3
C. 1,3
D. 1,2,3

Two

The rule of isometry states that two triangles are equal if they have ______ equal angle(s) and share a common side.

A. Four
B. One
C. Two
D. Three

The angle formed by the receptor and the long axis of the tooth

When the bisecting technique is used, which of the following angles is bisected?

A. The angle formed by the receptor and the long axis of the tooth
B. The angle that is perpendicular to the receptor
C. The angle formed by the central ray and the receptor
D. The angle formed by the central ray and the tooth

Horizontal angulation

The contacts on your dental image are overlapped, which of the following would you correct when retaking the image?

A. Vertical angulation
B. Receptor placement
C. Head position of patient
D. Horizontal angulation

1/8

The receptor should be placed approximately ____ inch beyond the incisal or occlusal surfaces when using the bisecting technique.

A. 1/4
B. 1/16
C. 1/8
D. 1/2

+45 to +55

With the bisecting technique, the recommended vertical angulation range for tooth number 6 is _________ degrees.

A. +40 to +50
B. +45 to +55
C. +20 to +30
D. +30 to +40

Decrease vertical angulation

The teeth on your dental images appear shorter than your patient's teeth, which of the following would you correct when retaking the dental image?

A. Decrease horizontal angulation
B. Increase horizontal angulation
C. Increase vertical angulation
D. Decrease vertical angulation

Large areas of the upper and lower jaw

The occlusal technique is used to examine

A. Interproximal areas
B. Third molars
C. Bone loss
D. Large areas of the upper and lower jaw

Length and width

A dental image depicts which of the following dimensions of an object?
1. Length
2. Width
3. Depth

A. 1,3
B. 2,3
C. 1,2,3
D. 1,2

Same

The "S" in the mnemonic SLOB stands for

A. Same
B. Shift
C. Some
D. Similar

5

The pediatric projection is recommended for use in children ____ years old or younger.

A. 2
B. 8
C. 10
D. 5

Direct the PID at a +60 degrees angle

You need to take a maxillary occlusal image on your 4-year-old patient. Which of the following will you need to do?

A. Place the top of the PID at the tip of the nose
B. Place the tube side of the receptor facing down
C. Direct the PID at a +60 degrees angle
D. Direct the PID through the canine-premolar contact

Impacted third molar teeth, jaw fractures, and large lesions in the posterior mandible

Advantages of panoramic receptors over intraoral periapical receptors include visualization of
1. impacted third molar teeth.
2. jaw fractures.
3. large lesions in the posterior mandible.

A. 1,2,3
B. 1,3
C. 2,3
D. 1,2

The patient's head was turned to the left

You are examining your patient's panoramic image. You notice that the molars and premolars on the right side are larger than the teeth on the left side. What patient positioning error did you make?

A. The patient is slumped
B. The patient's teeth are behind the focal trough
C. The patient's head was turned to the right
D. The patient's head was turned to the left

Focal trough

In panoramic imaging, the ___________ is a theoretical concept used to determine where the dental arches must be positioned to achieve the clearest image.

A. Waypoint
B. Home zone
C. Neutral zone
D. Focal trough

Collimator

Which component in the panoramic x-ray machine tubehead is most different from that found in an intraoral x-ray machine tubehead?

A. Heat sink
B. Collimator
C. Filament
D. Target

Restrict the size and shape of the x-ray beam

The function of the collimator used in the panoramic x-ray machine is to ____________________.

A. Prevent a ghost image
B. Generate the x-rays
C. Restrict the size and shape of the x-ray beam
D. Align the patient's teeth as accurately as possible in the focal trough

Both statements are true

You should have your 75-year-old patient remove her partial dentures and her hearing aids before taking a panoramic image because ghost images occur that could cover diagnostic information on the panoramic image.

A. The first part of the statement is true; the second part of the statement is false.
B. The first part of the statement is false; the second part of the statement is true.
C. Both statements are false
D. Both statements are true

Dark radiolucent

If the patient's lips are not closed on the bite-block during the exposure of a panoramic image, a _____________ shadow results that obscures the anterior teeth.

A. Dark radiopaque
B. Dark radiolucent
C. Light radiopaque
D. Light radiolucent

Chin is tipped up

A "reverse smile line" is seen on the image if the patient's

A. Teeth are positioned too far back on the bite block
B. Teeth are positioned too far forward on the bite block
C. Chin is tipped down
D. Chin is tipped up

Chin is tipped down

An "exaggerated smile line" is seen on the dental image if the patient's

A. Teeth are positioned too far forward on the bite-block
B. Chin is tipped up
C. Chin is tipped down
D. Teeth are positioned too far back on the bite-block

Teeth are positioned too far forward on the bite-block

The anterior teeth will appear "skinny" if the

A. Chin is tipped down
B. Teeth are positioned too far forward on the bite-block
C. Teeth are positioned too far back on the bite-blcok
D. Chin is tipped up

Teeth positioned too far back on bite block

The anterior teeth will appear "fat" if the

A. Chin is tipped up
B. Teeth positioned too far back on bite block
C. Teeth positioned too far forward on bite block
D. Chin is tipped down

the images seen on a panoramic image are not as sharp as those on intraoral images because of the intensifying screens.

A disadvantage of panoramic dental imaging when contrasted with intraoral dental imaging is

A. fewer anatomic structures can be viewed on a panoramic image than on a complete intraoral imaging series.
B. the images seen on a panoramic image are not as sharp as those on intraoral images because of the intensifying screens.
C. panoramic imaging results in higher exposure to the patient than intraoral imaging.
D. the exposure of a panoramic image is readily accepted by the patient because there is no discomfort involved.

Outside; large

An extraoral image receptor is placed __________ the mouth during x-ray exposure. Extraoral imaging is used to image _________ areas of the skull or jaws.

A. Outside; large
B. Inside; small
C. Outside; small
D. Inside; large

Growth and development

Which of the following would you evaluate using an extraoral lateral cephalometric image?

A. Growth and development
B. Gutta percha placement in the root canal
C. Recurrent decay
D. Level of crestal bone

Increases film fog

Scatter radiation

A. Decreases film fog
B. Decreases density
C. Increases image contrast
D. Increases film fog

Both statements are true

(1) Three-dimensional imaging provides a more accurate image than traditional two-dimensional imaging. (2) Locations, distances, sizes, and shapes of pathology and anatomic landmarks, including eruption patterns, are more accurately represented with three-dimensional imaging.

A. Both statements are true
B. Both statements are false
C. First statement is true; second statement is false
D. First statement is false; second statement is true

To dilute

With CBCT, the divergent rays exit the machine and some of the radiation is attenuated by the patient. In this statement, attenuated means

A. To intensify
B. To amplify
C. To dilute
D. To increase the strength of

The first statement is true; the second statement is false.

(1) In preparation for a CBCT scan, you should explain to your patient how she will be positioned and the length of time she will need to be motionless. (2) Your patient will be able to leave her jewelry on but will need to remove her partial denture.

A. Both statements are false
B. The first statement is false; the second statement is true.
C. The first statement is true; the second statement is false.
D. Both statements are true

Large amalgam restorations

Radiation is stopped and may not reach the receptor when it interacts with an area of high attenuation such as

A. Normal anatomic structures
B. Large amalgam restorations
C. Periodontal abscess
D. Soft tissue

Lingual

When the bisecting technique is used, the receptor must be placed along the ________ surface of the tooth.

A. Buccal
B. Mesial
C. Lingual
D. Distal

Imaginary bisector

When the bisecting technique is used, the central ray is directed at 90 degrees to the

A. Long axis of the tooth in the opposing arch
B. Receptor
C. Imaginary bisector
D. Long axis of the tooth in the same arch

Bisecting

With the ____________ technique, the vertical angulation is determined by the imaginary bisector; the central ray is directed perpendicular to the imaginary bisector.

A. Bite-wing
B. Bisecting
C. Paralleling
D. Maxillary pediatric occlusal

Shortened; excessive

Foreshortened images refer to images of the teeth that appear _________. Foreshortening of images results from ___________ vertical angulation.

A. Too long; insufficient
B. Shortened; insufficient
C. Shortened; excessive
D. Too long; excessive

Long; insufficient

Elongated images refer to images of the teeth that appear too __________. Elongation of images results from _____________ vertical angulation.

A. Long; excessive
B. Too short; insufficient
C. Long; insufficient
D. Too short; excessive

Dimensional distortion

The primary disadvantage of the bisecting technique when contrasted with the paralleling technique is

A. Greater magnification
B. Longer exposure times
C. Dimensional distortion
D. Requirement of a receptor holder

Side to side; up and down

When adjusting the horizontal angulation, the PID is moved ___________. When adjusting the vertical angulation, the PID is moved ______________.

A. Up and down; side to side
B. Side to side; up and down
C. Side to side; side to side
D. Up and down; up and down

Panoramic

You have been asked to take a single image on your patient to evaluate his maxilla and the mandible. Which of the following should you take?

A. Panoramic
B. Four bite-wing images
C. 21-image periapical series
D. 18-image periapical series

Maxillary sinus

This bilateral landmark is located above the apices of the maxillary premolars and molars and appears radiolucent on the panoramic image.

A. Maxilla
B. Maxillary sinus
C. Infraorbital foramen
D. Incisive foramen

Maxillary tuberosity

Which of the following structures may be seen on a periapical image?

A. Styloid process
B. Maxillary tuberosity
C. External auditory meatus
D. Mastoid process

Sphenoid

The lateral pterygoid plate is a wing-shaped bony projection of the __________ bone.

A. Frontal
B. Sphenoid
C. Occipital
D. Temporal

Pterygomaxillary fissure

On a panoramic image, which of the following structures appears as a radiolucency?

A. Lateral pterygoid plate
B. Coronoid process
C. Pterygomaxillary fissure
D. Medial pterygoid plate

External auditory meatus

On a panoramic image, which of the following structures appears radiolucent on images and is located above and in front of the mastoid process?

A. Maxillary tuberosity
B. Hamulus
C. Coronoid process
D. External auditory meatus

Maxillary sinus

On a panoramic image, the infraorbital foramen may be superimposed over the ____________.

A. External auditory meatus
B. Mental foramen
C. Maxillary sinus
D. Frontal sinus

Inferior

Only the __________ border of the orbit is visible on most panoramic images.

A. Lateral
B. Medial
C. Superior
D. Inferior

Between the roots of the maxillary central incisors

On a panoramic image, the incisive foramen appears as an almond-shaped radiolucent area located

A. Above the maxillary sinuses
B. At the apex of the mandibular first premolar
C. Between the roots of the maxillary central incisors
D. Below the orbit

In front of and below

The anterior nasal spine is a pointed, bony protrusion of the maxilla situated ____________ the nasal fossa.

A. In front of and above
B. Behind and above
C. Behind and below
D. In front of and below

Nasal fossa

The nasal cavity is also known as the

A. Nasal fossa
B. Nasal septum
C. Zygoma
D. Nasal spine

Septum

The nasal _______, which consists of bone and cartilage, separates the nasal cavity into the two halves.

A. Spine
B. Septum
C. Cavity
D. Hard palate

Mental foramen

Which of the following structures may be seen on both periapical and panoramic images?

A. Mandibular condyle
B. Coronoid notch
C. Mandibular foramen
D. Mental foramen

Mental foramen

The __________ is a hole or opening in bone located on the external surface of the mandible in the region of the mandibular premolars.

A. Mandibular foramen
B. Mental foramen
C. Mandibular canal
D. Lingula

Lingual

The ________ foramen is a tiny hole or opening in bone located on the internal surface of the mandible near the midline.

A. Mandibular
B. Lingual
C. Incisive
D. Mental

The process by which information is exchanged between two or more persons

Communication is defined in the text as

A. Establishing a connection
B. The process by which information is exchanged between two or more persons
C. Two or more persons in the same location or room
D. Having a conversation

Relax

If, while treating your patient, your nonverbal messages are consistent with your verbal messages, your patient is more likely to

A. Be distrustful
B. Be fearful
C. Be apprehensive
D. Relax

Give the patient undivided attention

Which of the following is the best way to show your patient that you are listening to him or her?

A. Finish the patient's sentences to show that the radiographer is following the patient's train of thought
B. Interrupt if the patient gets off track
C. Give the patient undivided attention
D. Correct the patient is he/she is wrong

More likely to comply with prescribed treatment

When a patient trusts the dental professional, the patient is

A. More likely to comply with prescribed treatment
B. Less likely to cooperate during treatment
C. Less likely to provide information
D. Less likely to return for further treatment

Enhances communication

Inviting a patient to ask questions

A. Discourages communication
B. Intimidates the patient
C. Enhances communication
D. Wastes time

Fears of x-ray exposure

Patient education is likely to result in decreased

A. Motivation for regular dental visits
B. Fears of x-ray exposure
C. Cooperation
D. Acceptance of prescribed treatment

More likely to accept prescribed treatment

A patient who is knowledgeable about the importance of dental images is

A. Less likely to realize the benefit of dental images
B. More likely to accept prescribed treatment
C. Less likely to follow prevention plans
D. Less likely to cooperate

Questions about diagnosis

Which of the following types of questions must be answered only by the dentist?

A. The safety of dental x-rays
B. The need for dental images
C. Questions about diagnosis
D. X-ray exposure

there are many diseases and conditions that cannot be detected simply by looking into the mouth.

To answer questions about the necessity of dental images, tell the patient

A. all diseases and conditions produce signs and symptoms that render dental images unnecessary.
B. tooth decay, gum disease, cysts, and tumors all can be detected eventually simply by looking in the mouth.
C. there are many diseases and conditions that cannot be detected simply by looking into the mouth.
D. they are an option, not a necessity.

Based on the patient's needs

How frequently should you take dental images on your patients?

A. Every 12 months
B. Every 24 months
C. Based on the patient's needs
D. Every 6 months

Dentist

Decisions about the number, type, and frequency of dental images are determined by the _____________ based on the patient's individual needs.

A. Dental assistant
B. Insurance company
C. Dental hygienist
D. Dentist

more frequent dental imaging examinations than a patient without such disease.

A patient with caries will require

A. dental imaging examinations at regular intervals regardless of circumstances.
B. more frequent dental imaging examinations than a patient without such disease.
C. less frequent dental imaging examinations than a patient without such disease.
D. less frequent dental imaging examinations than a patient without such disease if pocket depth readings are regularly recorded.

The individual needs of the child

The frequency for taking images on your pediatric patients should be based on

A. A 6-month interval for bite-wing images
B. Their age
C. A 12-month interval for bite-wing images
D. The individual needs of the child

Zero

Your patient is concerned about getting cancer from dental images. You can relieve her fears because ___________ people have gotten cancer from dental x-rays.

A. More than 100
B. Between 50 and 100
C. Less than 50
D. Zero

Images are prescribed on an individual basis. We will only take the images that are needed to provide a thorough oral assessment. This will limit your radiation exposure.

Your patient has heard a lot of stories and is apprehensive about receiving x-rays. Which of the following could you tell your patient to calm her fears?

A. Fast film is used instead of a digital sensor because there is less radiation exposure with film.
B. We will be using low amounts of radiation, which are safe and will not cause you any harm.
C. D speed film will be used because it is faster than F speed film.
D. Images are prescribed on an individual basis. We will only take the images that are needed to provide a thorough oral assessment. This will limit your radiation exposure.

Disclosure

The process of informing the patient about the particulars of exposing dental images is termed

A. Disclosure
B. A treatment alternative
C. Behavior modification
D. Self-determination

Must be in language that the patient can readily understand

Informed consent

A. Does not require that patients receive enough information to make informed choices
B. Must be in language that the patient can readily understand
C. Does not require that patients have their questions answered before x-ray exposure
D. Is waived if the patient is a minor

Must be obtained from a legal guardian

If the patient is a minor, informed consent

A. Must be obtained from the parent
B. Is waived
C. Must be obtained from a legal guardian
D. May still be obtained from the patient

Both statements are true

The trend in dental negligence or malpractice actions has historically been to sue the supervising dentist alone. However, cases exist in which the dentist and the dental auxiliary have both been sued for the actions of the dental auxiliary.

A. The first statement is false; the second statement is true
B. Both statements are false
C. The first statement is true; the second statement is false
D. Both statements are true

Your patient to you, you to your patient, and from one patient to another patient

Infection control is critical in your dental operatory because pathogens can be transmitted easily through which of the following
1. your patient to you.
2. you to your patient.
3. from one patient to another patient.

A. 1,3
B. 1,2
C. 1,2,3
D. 2,3

Microorganisms capable of causing disease

Pathogens are

A. Microorganisms capable of causing disease
B. Any microorganisms
C. Viruses but not bacteria
D. Bacteria but not viruses

Both statements are true

(1) Highly resistant bacterial and mycotic (fungal) spores are not killed during disinfection procedures; (2) however, highly resistant bacterial and mycotic spores are killed during sterilization.

A. The first statement is true; the second statement is false
B. Both statements are true
C. Both statements are false
D. The first statement is false; the second statement is true

That are used to penetrate soft tissue or bone

Critical instruments are defined as instruments

A. Or devices that do not come in contact with mucous membranes
B. That contact but do not penetrate soft tissue
C. That are used to penetrate soft tissue or bone
D. That contact but do not penetrate bone

Beam alignment devices

Which of the following is considered to be a semicritical instrument?

A. The x-ray control panel
B. The exposure button
C. The lead apron
D. Beam alignment devices

Beam alignment devices

Preparation of supplies and equipment involves sterilizing which of the following items?

A. PID
B. Film
C. Lead apron
D. Beam alignment devices

Offer an explanation

The definition of interpret is to

A. Process radiographs
B. Offer an explanation
C. Mount radiographs
D. Establish a diagnosis

Lesions, diseases, conditions

Dental image interpretation enables the dental professional to play a vital role in the detection of _________ of the teeth and jaws that cannot be identified clinically.
1. lesions
2. diseases
3. conditions

A. 1,3
B. 1 only
C. 1,2
D. 1,2,3

Both statements are true

(1) When you are discussing with your dentist a lesion you notice on your patient's dental image, you should use specific terms to describe it. (2) Use of specific terms, known as descriptive terminology, enables you to communicate intelligently with others in a common language that helps prevent confusion.

A. Both statements are false
B. The first statement is false; the second statement is true
C. The first statement is true; the second statement is false
D. Both statements are true

Black or dark

A dental image appears ____________ where the tissues are soft or thin.

A. Radiopaque
B. White
C. Black or dark
D. Light

Radiolucent; less

The cavitation caused by dental caries will appear _______________ on dental images because the area of caries will be ________ dense than surrounding structures.

A. Radiolucent; more
B. Radiolucent; less
C. Radiopaque; less
D. Radiopaque; more

Metallic restoration

Which of the following structures would appear the most radiopaque?

A. Periodontal ligament space
B. Dental pulp
C. Metallic restoration
D. Air space

Dentin

Which of the following would appear radiopaque on a dental image?

A. Dentin
B. Periodontal ligament space
C. Dental pulp
D. Soft tissue

Moth-eaten pattern

Which of the following is a type of radiolucent lesion?

A. Ground glass
B. Multifocal confluent
C. Moth-eaten pattern
D. Target lesion

Benign slow-growing

A unilocular lesion with corticated borders is usually indicative of a __________ process.

A. Benign slow-growing
B. Malignant rapidly growing
C. Malignant slow-growing
D. Benign rapidly growing

Inter-radicular

Your patient is looking at his dental image and wants to know what the space between the roots of tooth number 29 and 30 is called. Which of the following is the correct term?

A. Inter-radicular
B. Edentulous zone
C. Periapical
D. Pericoronal

Either bone or soft tissue

Radiopaque lesions may occur in

A. Bone but not soft tissue
B. Neither bone nor soft tissue
C. Soft tissue but not bone
D. Either bone or soft tissue

Target lesion

The term ___________ refers to a well-defined, localized radiopaque area surrounded by a uniform radiolucent halo.

A. Target lesion
B. Focal opacity
C. Multifocal confluent
D. Ground glass

Radiopaque

Because metallic restorations absorb x-rays, the area of the image that corresponds to their location remains unexposed, and the metallic restorations appear completely ___________ on a dental image.

A. Radiosensitive
B. Radiopaque
C. Radioresistant
D. Radiolucent