AP Psychologists

Diana Baumrind

Introduced the Pillar Theory with 4 parenting styles, impacting psychologists' view on parenting.

Sperry and Gazzaniga

Studied the Corpus Callosum and led to research on brain lateralization.

Darley and Latane

Conducted the Bystander Apathy Experiment, revealing diffusion of responsibility and pluralistic ignorance ultimately making the Bystander Effect.

Jane Goodall

Conducted Naturalistic Observations on chimpanzees, redefining human-primate relationships.

Lawrence Kohlberg

Developed 6 stages of moral development, including the Heinz Dilemma scenario.

Albert Bandura

Conducted the Bobo Doll Experiment, highlighting observational learning and aggressive tendencies.

Carl Wernicke

Studied Aphasia of temporal lobe and Encephalopathy, identifying brain regions like "Wernicke's area."

Leon Festinger

Introduced Cognitive Dissonance Theory through experiments on repetitive tasks and payment.

Paul Broca

Studied language deficits with the "Tan" Case Study, impacting functional brain mapping.

Stanley Milgram

Explored Human Social Behavior with the Electric Shock Experiment, revealing obedience to authority.

Sigmund Freud

Known as the Father of Psychoanalysis, focused on the unconscious mind and defense mechanisms.

John Watson/ Rosalie Rayner

Conducted the Little Albert Experiment, demonstrating fear conditioning in children.

Carol Gilligan

Explored Moral Development in women, emphasizing ethics of care and interpersonal relationships.

Muzafer Sherif

Conducted the Robbers Cave Experiment, studying ingroup bias and prejudice.

Jean Piaget

Known for Stages of Cognitive Development and the Three Mountain Task, testing child egocentrism.

Elizabeth Loftus

Studied the Misinformation Effect and Eyewitness Memory, showing the impact of question framing. Did this through showing traffic accidents and asking intentional recall questions.

Edward Tolman

Explored cognitive maps and latent learning in animals through maze navigation.

Kenneth and Mami Clark

Researched the effects of segregation on children's self-perception and identity.

Mary Ainsworth

Studied attachment styles through the Separation vs. Reunion episode, identifying secure and insecure attachments.

Erik Erikson

Explored Psychosocial Development stages, focusing on identity vs. role confusion and cultural influences to understand how humans face crisis.

Wolfgang Kohler

Founded Gestalt psychology. He is known for his research on insight learning using chimpanzees and the “Aha” moment that occurs with insight.

Ivan Pavlov

Known for his research on classical conditioning with dogs, demonstrating associative learning through conditioned reflexes using the salivation experiement.

Harry Harlow

Psychologist known for his research on attachment and social isolation in monkeys. Showed the importance of maternal care for emotional development.

Wilhelm Wundt

Known as the "Father of Psychology," he established the first psychology laboratory in Germany, separated psychology from physiology, and established psychology as a testable science.

Lev Vygotsky

Known for his theory of sociocultural development, emphasizing the role of culture and social interactions in cognitive development. He observed children to discover the zone of optimal development, as well as scaffolding.

Phillip Zombardo

Known for the Stanford prison experiment, studying human behavior in simulated prison conditions. Was able to study roles, submission, deindividuation, and dehumanization when in the right conditions.

Fergus Craik and Endel Tulving

Psychologists known for the Levels of Processing theory, which explains memory formation based on depth of processing such as Semantic versus Episodic memory.

William James

The father of American Psychology who developed the idea of functionalism, James-Lang theory of emotion, and pragmatism. He focused on evolutionary ideas.

Konrad Lorenz

Austrian zoologist known for his work on animal behavior, particularly imprinting in geese. Did the “Ugly Duckling” experiment to witness baby geese imprinting on the first thing they saw.