history washington review

washington

 First president of the United States, Sets presidents, general during French and Indian war and American Revolution. So qualified because he took his job seriously and listened to both sides staying neutral. Established cabinet.

John Adams

Vice president to Washingson, vice president because he came in second place in the election, second president

Cabinet System

A council of people to assist and advise the president, 4 departments: War, state, treasury, attorney general

Hamilton

Secretary of Treasery, wrote a majority of the constitution (51 essays), won argument against Jefferson on having the national bank. Wants a strong central government, loose interpretation of the Constitution, believes the government should be for the rich and big business. Hamilton is also pro british.

• Realizes we have a debt problem so comes up with steps to fix

1. Pay back Foreign Countries first (becuase of interest)

2. Pay back war bonds in full (a lot of people were forced to sell them to survive)

3. U.S. Gov’t pays back states(⅘ of debt is owed by North, put capitol in DC, passed with Assumption Act)

4. Create a National Bank (print money, make loans, store funds + tax receipts)

Jefferson

Secretary of State, handled countries foreign policy issues. Also leader of the democratic republic. Wants a weak central (more for states and people) government and has a strict interpretation of the constitution. Also believes the government should be for smaller farms. Jefferson is pro French. Is against national bank.

Knox

Secretary of War, provides military forces necessarry to deter was and protect U.S.

Randolph

Attorney General, lawer that represents U.S., enforces federal laws, seeks punishment for the guilty, ensures fair administration of Gov’t. 

Judiciary Act

Created a Federal Court System

• 13 District courts

• 3 Circut Courts od Apprais

• 6 Supreme Court Justices (3 northern, 3 southern)

John Jay

Chief Justice, wrote 5 essays of the constitution

Tariff Act of 1789

5% tax on imports, creating revenue. Creating protective- some goods like glass+shipping are higher

National Bank

created by Hamilton, created to Print money (have one type of money), Make loans (buineness) Store funds+tax receipts

Little Turtle

 Leader of Maimi tribe→Confederation

Miami Confederation

1790 Native American tribe, means loose alliance, revolting to push out white settlers

Harmar

Tribes didn’t take him serious, was sent first by American Military and got his butt kicked 

St. Clair

The battle between the Miami Confederation and White settlers, which 1,800 U.S. casualties

Battle of Fallen Timbers

The battle only lasted 40 mins, lead by “Mad Anthony” Wayne (crazy)

Treaty of Greenville

Native Americans leave for being given $20,000 worth of goods, army shows it is capable of protecting U.S. citizens

Whiskey Rebellion

Excise tax (tax on manufacture) 8c/gallon on whiskey. 

• Most western PA farmers made their abundance of wheat into whiskey because the farmers have no one to sell to, so they sell to distilleries and make good money

• 500 farmers march on Pittsburgh

• Washingtons response: leads 13,000 troops on  rebellion

• Pardon leader: You are guilty by we understand it and we won’t kill you, this shows strength in U.S. army again

French Revolution

1789 (bread prices increase, ecomomy crash) French and British war

• Treaty of 1778 (battle of yorktown) says France help us now, we are supposed to help france in the future, aka we owe France because they helped us

• Jefferson wants to help the revolution

• Hamilton is pro British and ⅘ of our trade is with Britain, doesn’t want to go against Britain although wants to help French

Proclamation of Neutrality

 Washington creates because we have No navy, Small army, and no money because he proves they don’t have anything to give, nor France or Britain is helped

• Brits and French seize ships 1793-93 600 ships are seized with cargo taken

Jay Treaty

1974 -asking GB

Goals: 

• Leave forts in U.S. territory

• Stop seizing U.S. ships+impressment (threaten them with war but don’t go to war) diplomcy

• GB knows John Jay won’t go to war

• Hamilton tells GB they won’t go to war

• Jay comes back with nothing

Pinckney Treaty

1795- Spain

Goals:

• Right of Deposit  (pay extra fee to use New Orleans Port)

• 31degree Parallel in Florida

Farewell Address

 Washington sets presidents; 2 term limit, farewell address:

• What the president writes at the end of his final term to pass down important information to the next president

How were elections for President and VP held?  What were the results for the first two elections? 

The elections were held just by voting for president then VP was decided by whoever came in second place in the election. In the first two elections, Washington won and John Adams came in second, becoming his VP. The next election was Jefferson v. Madison and Jefferson won.

Describe the Federalist and Republican Parties.  Who led each?  What were their views of how the government should be run?

• Hamilton ran the Federalist Party and he believed that government should be for the big business and rich, with a strong centra government and loose interpretation of the Constitution

• Jefferson ran the Republican Party believing the government should be for small farmers and “poor” and have a weak ventral government focusing on the states and people with a strict interpretation of the Constitution.

How did Hamilton fix our economic problems?

• Were in debt 77 million so put a 5% tax on imports

How was the issue of expansion and Native Americans handled?

• The U.S. military stood up to the Miami Confederation and the Treaty of Greenvile was formed when Americans gave NA $20,000 worth of goods to stop battle of fallen timbers and 

How did the Jay Treaty influence the Pinckney treaty?

The jay treaty idea was good in telling GB to stop seizing forts and leave U.S. forts and threaten them wit war although dont proceed, although this did not work because GB didn’t believe Jay, leaving him empty handed. This influenced then to try this in Spain with Pinckney Treaty in 1795 and ask them for Right of Deposit and clarification with the 31 degree parallel in Florida.

How did the conflict between France and England impact the US?

• Their conflict led Washington to create the Proclamation of Neutrality because U.S. had no money, small army, and No navy to help france nor britain