history washington review

Washington- First president of the United States, Sets presidents, general during French and Indian war and American Revolution. So qualified because he took his job seriously and listened to both sides staying neutral

John Adams- Vice president to Washingson, vice president because he came in second place in the election, second president

Cabinet System- A council of people to assist and advise the president, 4 departments

Hamilton- Secretary of Treasery, wrote a majority of the constitution (51 essays), won argument against Jefferson on having the national bank. Wants a strong central government, loose interpretation of the Constitution, believes the government should be for the rich and big business. Hamilton is also pro british.

Realizes we have a debt problem so comes up with steps to fix

Pay back Foreign Countries first (becuase of interest)

Pay back war bonds in full (a lot of people were forced to sell them to survive)

U.S. Gov’t pays back states(⅘ of debt is owed by North, put capitol in DC, passed with Assumption Act)

Create a National Bank (print money, make loans, store funds + tax receipts)

Jefferson- Secretary of State, handled countries foreign policy issues. Also leader of the democratic republic. Wants a weak central (more for states and people) government and has a strict interpretation of the constitution. Also believes the government should be for smaller farms. Jefferson is pro French. Is against national bank.

Knox- Secretary of War, provides military forces necessarry to deter was and protect U.S.

Randolph- Attorney General, lawer that represents U.S., enforces federal laws, seeks punishment for the guilty, ensures fair administration of Gov’t. 

Judiciary Act- Created a Federal Court System

  • 13 District courts

  • 3 Circut Courts od Apprais

  • 6 Supreme Court Justices (3 northern, 3 southern)


John Jay- Chief Justice, wrote 5 essays of the constitution

Tariff Act of 1789- 5% tax on imports, creating revenue. Creating protective- some goods like glass+shipping are higher

National Bank- created by Hamilton, created to Print money (have one type of money), Make loans (buineness) Store funds+tax receipts

Little Turtle- Leader of Maimi tribe→Confederation

Miami Confederation- 1790 Native American tribe, means loose alliance, revolting to push out white settlers

Harmar- Tribes didn’t take him serious, was sent first by American Military and got his butt kicked 

St. Clair- The battle between the Miami Confederation and White settlers, which 1,800 U.S. casualties

Battle of Fallen Timbers- The battle only lasted 40 mins, lead by “Mad Anthony” Wayne (crazy)

Treaty of Greenville- Native Americans leave for being given $20,000 worth of goods, army shows it is capable of protecting U.S. citizens

Whiskey Rebellion- Excise tax (tax on manufacture) 8c/gallon on whiskey. Most western PA farmers made their abundance of wheat into whiskey because the farmers have no one to sell to, so they sell to distilleries and make good money

  • 500 farmers march on Pittsburgh

  • Washingtons response: leads 13,000 troops on  rebellion

  • Pardon leader: You are guilty by we understand it and we won’t kill you, this shows strength in U.S. army again


French Revolution- 1789 (bread prices increase, ecomomy crash) French and British war

  • Treaty of 1778 (battle of yorktown) says France help us now, we are supposed to help france in the future, aka we owe France because they helped us

  • Jefferson wants to help the revolution

  • Hamilton is pro British and ⅘ of our trade is with Britain, doesnt want to go against Britain although wants to help French


Proclamation of Neutrality- Washington creates because we have No navy, Small army, and no money because he proves they don’t have anything to give, nor France or Britain is helped

  • Brits and French seize ships 1793-93 600 ships are seized with cargo taken


Jay’s Treaty- 1974 -asking GB

Goals: 

  • Leave forts in U.S. territory

  • Stop seizing U.S. ships+impressment (threaten them with war but don’t go to war) diplomcy

  • GB knows John Jay won’t go to war

  • Hamilton tells GB they won’t go to war

  • Jay comes back with nothing

Pinckney Treaty- 1795- Spain

Goals:

  • Right of Deposit  (pay extra fee to use New Orleans Port)

  • 31degree Parallel in Florida

Farewell Address- Washington sets presidents; 2 term limit, farewell address:

  • What the president writes at the end of his final term to pass down important information to the next president