Lecture 3 (11-28-17) English Reformation and Trent

Dynastic succession

The process by which power is transferred within a ruling family, often leading to political turmoil and conflicts.

Primogeniture

The system of inheritance where the firstborn son receives the entirety of a parent's property, title, or office.

Anglicanism

The religious tradition established in England following the split with the Catholic Church, with the monarch as the head of the church.

Edward III

King of England in the 14th century who initiated the Hundred Years' War and had five sons who vied for the throne.

Henry VIII

King of England known for his split with the Catholic Church and establishment of the Church of England.

Plantagenet

A royal house that ruled England from the 12th to the 15th century, known for internal conflicts and the Wars of the Roses.

House of Lancaster

A royal house that ruled England in the late 14th and early 15th centuries, marked by issues of legitimacy and noble opposition.

House of York

A royal house that contended with the House of Lancaster in the Wars of the Roses for control of the English throne.

Hundred Years' War

A series of conflicts between England and France from 1337 to 1453, with intermittent periods of peace and intense fighting.

Great Chain of Being

A hierarchical structure in medieval and early modern Europe that assigned roles and positions based on divine order, often disrupted by political conflicts.

Henry VI

King of England and France from 1422 to 1461, dominated by regents due to his gentle, pious, and well-mannered nature, but considered a terrible medieval king due to his incapability of good leadership and mental impairments.

War of the Roses

A series of conflicts (1455-1485) between the Lancastrian and Yorkist factions in England, marked by battles for the English throne and political instability.

Edward IV

Son of Richard, Duke of York, who claimed the English throne in 1461 after winning the Battle of Towton Moor, leading the Yorkist faction against the Lancastrians.

Richard III

Succeeded Edward IV as king of England, seizing the throne from Edward V and his brother, leading to his reign being plagued by illegitimacy claims and noble rebellions.

Henry VII

King of England from 1485 to 1509, who ended the War of the Roses by defeating Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth Field, establishing the Tudor dynasty and consolidating power through diplomacy and alliances.

Lady Chapel at Westminster Abbey

A chapel built by Henry VII at a significant cost, showcasing his mastery of propaganda by blackening the reputation of Richard III and symbolizing the Tudor rule through architectural and symbolic choices.

Treaty of Etaples

Signed in 1492 between Henry VII of England and Charles VIII of France, reestablishing trade relations and securing a French subsidy, showcasing Henry's diplomatic skills in maintaining peace and stability.

Tudor-Stuart Connection

Established through diplomatic marriages between the Tudor and Stuart families, such as the marriage of Henry VII's daughter Margaret to James IV of Scotland, strengthening political alliances and dynastic ties.

Arthur Tudor, Prince of Wales

He was born on September 20, 1486, and died on April 2, 1502. He was the eldest son of King Henry VII of England.

Henry VIII Tudor

Born on June 28, 1491, and died on January 28, 1547. He was the second monarch of the Tudor dynasty, famously known for his six marriages and the English Reformation.

Catherine of Aragon

The first wife of King Henry VIII, married in 1509. Their marriage led to a significant conflict with the papacy due to the lack of a male heir.

Anne Boleyn

Born in 1507 and executed in 1536, she was the second wife of King Henry VIII and the mother of Queen Elizabeth I.

Act of Supremacy

Passed in 1534, this act declared the King of England, Henry VIII, as the head of the English Church, breaking away from papal authority.

Dissolution of Monasteries

Occurred from 1536 to 1539 under King Henry VIII, where monasteries were dissolved to weaken Catholic influence and to acquire wealth for the crown.

Thomas Cranmer

The Archbishop of Canterbury who played a significant role in the English Reformation, implementing Protestant reforms and the Book of Common Prayer.

Elizabethan Settlement

The religious settlement during Queen Elizabeth I's reign that aimed to establish a middle path between radical Protestants and Catholics in England.

Lady Jane Grey

Named as the successor by Edward VI, she briefly ruled as Queen of England for nine days in 1553 before being overthrown by Mary I.

Thirty-Nine Articles

Defined in 1563, these articles outlined the teachings of the Church of England during the Elizabethan era.

Counterreformation

The Catholic Church's response to the Protestant Reformation, involving reforms, reaffirmation of Catholic doctrine, and efforts to spread Catholicism.

Ignatius Loyola

Founder of the Society of Jesus, also known as the Jesuits, who played a significant role in the Catholic Counterreformation.

Council of Trent

A series of meetings held by the Catholic Church from 1545 to 1563 to address the Protestant Reformation, reaffirm Catholic doctrine, and enact reforms.

Inquisition

A system established by the Catholic Church, including the Congregation of the Holy Office, to root out heretics and maintain religious orthodoxy.

Tridentine Decrees

Reforms enacted by the Council of Trent, including instructions for bishops, regulations on clergy conduct, and guidelines for sacraments and church practices.

Anglican

A branch of Christianity that emerged from the English Reformation, retaining some Catholic practices while being based on a largely Reformed theological foundation.

Book of Common Prayer

A significant document in Anglicanism, containing liturgies, prayers, and services, reflecting both Catholic and Reformed influences.

Westminster Confession

A key document of Reformed churches, outlining their beliefs and practices, including church government and doctrine.

Reform Tradition

A religious tradition that leans towards reforming or changing existing practices and beliefs, often associated with Protestantism.

Catholic Tradition

A religious tradition that emphasizes continuity with early Christian beliefs and practices, often associated with the Roman Catholic Church.

Calvinist

A follower of the theological teachings of John Calvin, emphasizing predestination and the sovereignty of God.

Predestination

The belief that God has already determined who will be saved and who will be damned, regardless of individual actions or choices.

Prevenient Grace

Grace that comes before any good choice or action on the part of individuals, believed to enable them to respond to God's call.

Established Church

A church officially recognized and supported by the government, often with legal requirements for membership and practices.

Book of Common Prayer

A liturgical book containing prescribed orders of worship used in Anglican and other Christian churches.

Elizabethan Settlement

The establishment of the Church of England during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I in the 16th century.

Non-Conformists

Individuals who did not conform to the practices and beliefs of the Church of England, often facing social or legal consequences.

Puritans

English Calvinists who sought to purify the Church of England from perceived Catholic influences and promote a more Reformed practice.

Westminster Confession

A confessional document of English Puritanism, outlining theological beliefs and practices, particularly associated with Presbyterian churches.

Covenant Theology

A theological framework emphasizing covenants between God and humanity as central to understanding salvation and God's relationship with people.

Episcopal Polity

Church governance structure based on the role of bishops as overseers of clergy and congregations.

Presbyterian Polity

Church governance structure where ministers and elders share authority in decision-making, often organized in regional synods.