Chapter 18 - Biotechnology 

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19 Terms

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Biotechnology tools
________ are being used for a variety of purposes, including cancer therapies, increased agricultural yields, gene therapies for genetic disorders, de- extinction projects (such as the one to reintroduce the woolly mammoth), and extinction projects (such as attempting to eliminate pathogens that cause human disease), to name a few.
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Gel electrophoresis
________ is a method for separating DNA fragments based on size and charge.
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Bacteriophages
________ are viruses that may infect bacteria.
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positive cathode
A(n) ________ is attached to the gel's bottom, while a negative anode is attached to the gel's top.
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Cas9 enzyme
The ________ may be directed to cut at a specific DNA sequence by employing synthesized guide RNA bits that correspond to the intended site of the cut to be produced.
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DNA
An electric current is supplied to the gel after ________ samples are put into wells at the top of the gel.
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CRISPR
In nature, the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (________)- Cas9 system serves as an adaptive immune system in bacteria.
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PCR
________ includes cycles of DNA replication utilizing primers specific to the beginning and end of the fragment of the DNA sequence to be amplified.
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gel
The ________ is typically constructed of agarose and has minute holes through which the DNA fragments flow.
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selectable marker
A(n) ________ is required for the foreign plasmid DNA so that cells that have integrated the plasmid DNA can be identified.
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Phosphate groups
________ are somewhat negatively charged.
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new virus
When a(n) ________ infects the bacteria, the bacteria compare the DNA sequences from the ________ to those stored in the bacterium.
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viral DNA
When a bacteriophage infects a bacterium, the ________ is broken up and inserted between short palindromic repeats in the bacteria's DNA.
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Heat shock
________ is one way of converting bacteria in which bacterial cells are combined with foreign DNA and then exposed to heat.
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abundance of phosphate groups
Because of the ________ in DNA molecules, they carry a net negative charge.
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Bacterial transformation
________ involves the introduction of foreign DNA into bacterial cells.
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CRISPR
________ has the ability to modify DNA sequences.
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Cas9 enzyme
To determine where to cut DNA, the ________ employs a bit of guide RNA.
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PCR
________ may be used to replicate a particular DNA segment millions of times.