Studied by 59 people
Archimedes’ Principle
any object submerged in a fluid experience an upward buoyant force equal in magnitude to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object
Bernoulli’s Principle
the pressure of a fluid decreases as its velocity increases
buoyant force
upward force that keeps objects afloat
pressure
the magnitude of force on a surface per unit area
Pascal’s Principle
pressure applied to a fluid in a closed container is transmitted equally to every point of the fluid and to the walls of the container
laminar flow
every particle flows is in the same direction/along the same path.
fluid
gas and liquid
ideal fluid
A fluid that is incompressible and no internal resistance (viscosity) to flow
turbulent flow
irregular flow of fluid
density
A measure of how tightly packed molecules are in a substance
pascal
SI for pressure
Magnus effect
the effect a spinning object has on the speed of a fluid which curves the path of flight
heat
energy transferred from one substance to another bassed on temperature differences
specific heat capacity
the energy required to raise the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1 celsius
temperature
measurement of the average kinetic energy of the molecules in a substance
thermal equilibrium
the state in which two bodies in physical contact with each other have same temperatures
latent heat
heat required to change the state of a substance
fusion
solid to liquid
vaporization
liquid to gas
calorimetry
the process of measuring the amount of heat released or aborbed in a system
internal energy
energy of a substance due to kinetic energy of its molecules and potential energy that results from the arrangement of molecules
conduction
heat transfer by direct contact with an object
convection
heat transfer through fluid
constructive interference
two waves combined by adding their displacement together
destructive interference
occurs when waves come together so that they completely cancel each other out; same amplitude in opposite direction
standing wave
a wave pattern that results when two waves of the same frequency, wavelength, and amplitude travel in opposite directions and interfere
node
areas of wave interference where there is minimum amplitude; where destructive interference occurs
antinode
where constructive interference occurs; max amplitude of standing wave
Doppler affect
a frequency shift that is the result of relative motion between the source of waves and an observer
amplitude
max displacement from equilibrium
simple harmonic motion
vibration about an equilibrium position in which a restoring force is proportional to the displacement from equilibrium
period
the time it takes to complete one complete cycle (wavelength)
frequency of wave
the number of cylcle of waves per unit of time
rarefaction
a region in a longitudinal wave where the particles are far apart
transverse waves
a wave whose particles vibrate perpendicularly to the direction of motion
crest of transverse waves
highest point above the equilibrium position
trough of transverse waves
lowest point below the equilibrium position
wavelength of waves
the distance between two adjacent similar points of a wave
longitudinal waves
a wave whose particle vibrate parallel to the direction the wave is traveling
crest of longitudinal waves
compressed regions
trough of longitudinal waves
stretched regions
wave energy
depends on the amplitude
sound waves are
longitudinal, mechanical waves
compression
the region of a longitudinal wave in which density and high are at a max, crest
wave speed depends on
medium
higher density of medium
higher wave speed
pitch
a measure of how high or low a sound is perceived to be, depending on the frequency of the sound wave
intensity
the rate at which energy flows through a unit are perpendicular to the direction of wave motion
decibel
a dimensionless unit that describes the ratio of two intensities of sound
harmonic series
a series of frequencies that includes the fundamental frequency and integral multiples of the fundamental frequency that are created along a standing wave
standing wave
vibration of a system where some points remain fixed
fundamental frequency/first harmonics
lowest and the most basic frequency of vibration of a standing wave
Timbre
Quality of sound
resonance
a phenomenon that occurs when the frequency of applied force matches the natural frequency which leads to a larger amplitude of vibration
total internal reflection
a phenomenon where light is completely reflected when traveling from a denser medium to a less dense medium
incandescence
light with heat involved
chemical luminescence
light from chemical reactions
transparent
when a material transmits all (or almost) incident light
opaque
when a material does not transmit incident light
translucent
when a material transmits some incident light
concave mirror
converging, curving in
convex mirror
diverging, curving out
vertex
point priciple axis meets mirror
polarized light
oscillations of light that lie on one single plane
unpolarized light
electriomagnetic waves naturally oscillate with more than one orientation
laser
polarized, coherent light
light travels from faster (less dense) medium to slower (denser) medium
light refracts towards the normal
light travels from slower (denser) medium to faster (less dense)
light refracts away from the medium
convex lens: object between f and lens
virtual, right-side up, enlarged
concave lens: always
virtual, upright, smaller, between object and lens
static electricity
when charged particles build up in one place
electric field
a region in which an electric charge can be detected
circuit
a closed path in which electrons can flow
series circuit
a circuit that has only one path for current flow
parallel circuit
a circuit that has more than one path for current to flow
electric current
the rate at which electric charge passes through a given area
ampere
unit for electric current
resistence
the opposition presented to the current by a material or device
higher temperature, longer, smaller diameter
more resistance
fluid dynamics
an area of applied science concerned with the movement of liquids and gases
viscosity
a fluid’s resistance to flow or thickness of a fluid
absolute zero
lowest possible temperature
boiling point
the temperature at which a liquid boils and turns to vapor
melting point
the temperature at which a material changes from a solid to a liquid
medium
a physical environment through which a disturbance can travel
wave
the motion of a disturbance
beats
the periodic variation in the amplitude of a wave that is the superposition of two waves of slightly different frequencies
focus
the point where light rays originating from a point on the object converge
center of curvature
center of curved mirror
index of refraction
a measure of how much light bends as travels between mediums
refraction
the bending of light as it travels from one medium to another
battery
a device that converts chemical energy into electric energy
Coulomb
the unit for electric charge
ohm
the unit for electric resistance
coherent light
light that has same wavelength, frequency, and phase
Principle axis doted line perpendicular to lens or mirror
doted line perpendicular to lens or mirror
Note 
Flashcard (305)