APUSH Unit Three

Fort Dunquesne

The conflict over this fort marked the first major battle of the French and Indian War

Articles of Confederation (1777)

Initial constitution of America; weak as it lacked an Executive branch

Washington’s Farewell

Farewell address that warned against forming political parties and getting involved in European affairs

Salutary Neglect

The Crown avoiding strict enforcement of their trade laws

Sons and Daughters of Liberty

A group that supported the patriot cause; feathered and tarred tax collectors and did the Boston Tea Party

Virtual Representation

The idea that while the colonies didn’t have a representative in Parliament, they were functionally represented through people who had similar interests

Common Sense

Pamphlet from Thomas Paine that popularized support for the American Revolution

Republican Womanhood

Women were responsible for the education of boys who would later have to fulfil civic responsibilities; increased education for women

Federalists

Supported a stronger federal government, was in the favor of urban business, led by Hamilton

Anti-Federalists

Supported states rights, agrarian, wanted a bill of rights, led by Samuel Adams

Democratic-Republicans

Led by Thomas Jefferson, emphasized agricultural interests, strict interpretation of the Constitution, opposed the national bank and protective tariffs and was pro-French

Albany Congress (1754)

Formed to gain Native alliances against the French

Albany Plan of Union (1754)

Plan to unify the colonies by Benjamin Franklin; failed because states wanted to maintained their autonomy

Peace of Paris (1784)

Ended the American Revolution

Proclamation Line of 1763

Result of the French and Indian War; boundary that marked how far colonists could expand (ignored)

Quarter Act (1765)

Extended from wartime; forced colonists to house and feed soldiers

Sugar Act (1764)

Taxed coffee, wine, and other luxury goods and started enforcing other laws; repealed

Currency Act (1764)

Prevented the printing of colonial money; caused deflation and lower wages

Declaratory Act (1766)

Parliament had to the to pass whatever laws they wanted

Townshend Acts (1768)

Put taxes on tea, paper, and glass; caused boycotts which united the colonists

Tea Acts (1773)

Put tax on tea and gave the British East India Company exclusive rights —> Boston Tea Party

Quebec Act (1774)

Organized British land taken from France; made them Catholic; meant the land wasn’t available for expansion Pledsge

Olive Branch Petition

Pledged loyalty if the King secured colonial rights

Virginia Plan (1787)

Centralized state, bicameral legislature, and representation based on population 

New Jersey Plan (1787)

Unicameral legislature and every state has equal representation

Great Compromise (1787)

Created a bicameral legislature

Three-Fifths Compromise

The South wanted slaves to count for their population to increase their power; compromise was to count them as 3/5ths

Jay’s Treaty (1794)

British gave up posts on the Western Frontier but continued impressment

Pickney Treaty (1795)

With Spain; let Americans use the New Orleans port and established a border at the 31st parallel

French and Indian War (1760s)

Between France and the colonies; Colonists were encroaching on the Ohio River Valley; Caused Britain to pay more attention to the colonies

Pontiac Raids (1763)

Natives attack British forts and settlements; led to the Proclamation of 1763

Boston Massacre (1770)

Soldiers killed 11 colonists; built more resentment

Stamp Act Congress (1765)

Petitioned Parliament to repeal the Stamp Act

First Continental Congress (1774)

Figure out what to do about Britain’s increasing legislative tyranny; not rebellious yet

Second Continental Congress (1775)

Formal declaration of independence levied

Battle of Saratoga (1777)

Got the French to aid America

Battle of Yorktown (1981)

Winning battle of the Revolution

Shay’s Rebellion (1787)

Farmers were burdened with debt and so they army themselves to demand relief; showed weakness of the Articles of Confederation

Battle of Fallen Timbers (1794)

Natives surrendered all land in the Ohio valley;

Whiskey Rebellion (1791)

Taxed whiskey and farmers started attacking tax collectors; crushed with established authority

XYZ Affair (1797)

French diplomats demand bribes to begin negotiates

Alien and Sedition Acts (1798)

Could imprison or depart any non citizens (used to silent immigrants who were against Adams); made it illegal to publicly criticize the government

Virginia and Kentucky Resolution (1798)

States had the right to nullify any law that went beyond the explicit powers in the Constitution

Hamilton’s Financial Plan

Assume state debts, levy taxes, create a national bank, impose tariffs