Apicomplexa​-74

Which protozoa are associated with colitis?

• Entamoeba histolytica

• Neobalantidium coli

Which intestinal protozoa can cause diarrhea or dysentery?

• Entamoeba histolytica

• Giardia duodenalis

• Dientamoeba fragilis

• Cryptosporidium parvum

• Cyclospora cayetanensis

• Cystoisospora belli

Which protozoan can cause liver abscess?

• Entamoeba histolytica

Which protozoan can cause lung abscess?

Entamoeba histolytica

Which protozoan causes vaginitis or urethritis?

• Trichomonas vaginalis

Which organisms are classified as intestinal amebae?

• Entamoeba histolytica

• Entamoeba polecki

Which organisms are intestinal flagellates?

• Giardia duodenalis (G. lamblia / G. intestinalis)

• Dientamoeba fragilis

Which organism is a urogenital flagellate?

Trichomonas vaginalis

Which organism is an intestinal ciliate?

• Neobalantidium coli

Which organisms are classified as intestinal sporozoa (Coccidia, Apicomplexa)?

• Cryptosporidium spp.

• Cyclospora cayetanensis

• (Cysto)Isospora belli

Which protozoa are classified as free-living amebae?

• Acanthamoeba spp.

• Balamuthia spp.

• Naegleria fowleri

Which protozoa are hemoflagellates?

• Leishmania spp.

• Trypanosoma brucei gambiense

• Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense

• Trypanosoma cruzi

Which protozoa are classified as blood and tissue sporozoa (Coccidia, Apicomplexa)?

• Toxoplasma gondii

• Babesia spp.

• Plasmodium falciparum

• Plasmodium knowlesi

• Plasmodium malariae

• Plasmodium ovale

• Plasmodium vivax

Which protozoa cause malaria?

• Plasmodium falciparum

• P. knowlesi

• P. malariae

• P. ovale

• P. vivax

Which protozoa cause babesiosis?

Babesia spp.

Which protozoa affect the bone marrow and cause leishmaniasis?

• Leishmania donovani

• Leishmania tropica

Which protozoa are associated with meningoencephalitis?

• Naegleria fowleri

• Trypanosoma brucei gambiense

• T. b. rhodesiense

• T. cruzi

• Toxoplasma gondii

Which protozoa are associated with granulomatous encephalitis?

• Acanthamoeba spp.

• Balamuthia mandrillaris

Which protozoa can form brain abscesses (mass lesions)?

• Toxoplasma gondii

• Acanthamoeba spp.

• Balamuthia mandrillaris

Which protozoan causes cerebral malaria?

Plasmodium falciparum

Which protozoan causes keratitis?

Acanthamoeba spp.

Which protozoan causes chorioretinitis?

Toxoplasma gondii

Which protozoan is associated with toxic megacolon?

• Trypanosoma cruzi

Which protozoan is associated with hepatitis

Toxoplasma gondii

Which protozoa can cause cirrhosis or hepatosplenomegaly?

• Leishmania donovani

• Leishmania tropica

Which protozoa are associated with renal failure?

• Plasmodium spp.

• Leishmania donovani

Which protozoan is associated with cystitis or hematuria (blackwater fever)?

Plasmodium falciparum

Which protozoa can cause myocarditis?

• Toxoplasma gondii

• Trypanosoma cruzi

Which protozoan is associated with megacardia or complete heart block?

• Trypanosoma cruzi

Which protozoan is associated with pneumonitis?

Toxoplasma gondii

Which protozoa are associated with lymphadenopathy?

• Toxoplasma gondii

• Trypanosomes

Which protozoa are associated with ulcerative skin lesions?

• Leishmania spp.

Which protozoa can cause nodules or swellings?

• Trypanosoma cruzi

• Acanthamoeba spp.

Which protozoan is associated with rash or vesicles?

• Toxoplasma gondii

Which protozoa are associated with general dissemination and multiple organ dysfunction?

Back:

• Plasmodium falciparum

• Toxoplasma gondii

• Leishmania donovani

• Trypanosoma cruzi

What type of replication do Apicomplexa use?

Apicomplexa use asexual replication, which can include simple binary fission or schizogony

What is schizogony?

A process where a cell develops multiple nuclei, forming a schizont, which then separates into multiple cells called merozoites.

What are merozoites?

End products of schizogony that are haploid and continue the replication cycle.

What types of gametes are produced in Apicomplexa?

Macro (female) and micro (male) gametes.

What results from the fertilization of gametes in Apicomplexa

A zygote with a diploid genome.

What develops from the zygote in Apicomplexa?

An oocyst, which undergoes sporogony to produce haploid sporozoites.

What is the difference between a cyst and an oocyst?

An oocyst results from a sexual reproductive event (seen in Apicomplexa), whereas a cyst is not necessarily linked to sexual reproduction.

Which parasites produce oocysts?

Apicomplexan parasites.

What should you think of when you hear “oocyst”?

Sexual reproduction in Apicomplexa.

Why are apicomplexan parasites called Apicomplexa?

They have organelles at the tip (the apical complex), including rhoptries, that help them invade host cells.

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