Lecture 9: Introduction to 3D Spatial Visualization

Smart City

technology to respond to unpredictable changes in the future society

Digital twin technology

key technology for implementing smart city platforms

integrated spatial system

the digital twin must be composed of this in order to perform its roles

Geographic Information System (GIS)

computer-based information system that enables capture, modeling, manipulation, retrieval, analysis, and presentation of geographically referenced data.

Visualization

central to the communication of spatial data

GIS-based Visualization

Advances in computer graphics allowed for these visualizations to become real-time, interactive and very complex

Image Draping

the process of projecting a 2D image onto a 3D surface to create a more realistic and detailed visualization of the terrain

Geometric Modelling

Features are modelled more realistically and may closely resemble the appearance of these features as seen in the ground

3D GIS

goes beyond providing coordinates and makes it possible to depict objects in greater detail by adding another dimension (z)

2D GIS Data + height

formula of 3D GIS Data

Line of Sight (LOS)

Predicting whether one point is visible from another (intervisibility analysis)

Surface data

represents height values over an area, and the 3D information for each location within that area can be either stored as cell values or deduced from a triangulated network of 3D faces.

Feature data

represents discrete objects, and the 3D information for each object is stored in the feature's geometry.

Building Information Modelling (BIM)

A model-based technology linked with a database of project information