Science Quiz

Quiz

Our bodies are made of trillions of

cells

Each cell contains a

nucleus

Inside of each nucleus are

Chromosomes

Chromosomes are made up of

DNA

Segments of DNA form our

genes

Our genes code for

proteins

Chromosome

A single, highly organized and structured piece of DNA that contains many genes

Humans have _________ pairs of chromosomes

23

Karyotype

A visual representation of an organism's chromosomes

Deoxyribonucleic acid

DNA

DNA

Carries the genetic code for cell growth and cell production

Genes

The basic units of heredity that determine traits and control protein production

Proteins

Provide structure and support for cells

Enzymes

Speed up chemical reactions in our body and regulate body tissues and organs

Gene Expression

Cells are able to turn genes on or off

Heredity

The passing on of these specific characteristics from one generation to the next

If the sequence of DNA becomes altered, this could lead to a genetic

Mutation

Mutation

A permanent change in the gene or chromosome of a cell

A physical or chemical agent that can cause a change in DNA is called a

Mutagen

If a mutation occurs in the genes, it can cause a

Genetic disorder

Reproduction

The process by which an organism produces offspring and passes on its genetic information

Asexual Reproduction

One parent, identical genetic information

Sexual Reproduction

Two parents, genetic variation

Propagation

The term used to describe reproduction in plants. It can be sexual or asexual

Gametes

Contain one half of parent’s genetic information. Human gametes contain 23 chromosomes to give the offspring 46

Genetic variation

A difference in inherited characteristics between parent and offspring

Inherited trait

A characteristic that is passed from parent to offspring

Allele

A version of a trait

The alleles inherited will tell us the offspring's

genotype and phenotype

Genotype

The pair of alleles the offspring inherits from parents

Phenotype

The trait that is physically shown in the organism

Dominant allele

Shows up if present and is represented by a capital letter

Recessive allele

Might be covered up and is represented by a lowercase letter

Homozygous

Offspring inherited the same version of the trait 

Homozygous dominant

Offspring inherited two dominant traits

Homozygous recessive

Offspring inherited two recessive traits

Heterozygous

Offspring inherited two different versions of the trait

Punnett Square

Demonstrate the pattern of inheritance and predict the probability of inheritance of a trait