Unit 4 MCQ

Id

Unconscious, Pleasure Principle - immediate gratification of basic drives and desires

Ego

satisfy the id in a socially acceptable way

Superego

Moral compass, conscience; represents internalized ideals and standards for judgment.

repression

pushing painful experience into unconscious mind, no conscious recollection

denial

avoids difficult situation, not accepting as truth

rationalization

excuses to justify behavior

reaction formation

opposite of true feelings

displacement

shift reaction to weaker, not the source of your feelings

regression

immature reaction

projection

thoughts, motivations, desires and the feelings that cannot be accepted as one’s own put into the outside world

sublimation

gratifying unconscious desires into a socially acceptable way

social facilitation

perform better, well-learned tasks, in presence of others

social loafing

less effort in a group

deindividualization

impulsive or deviant behavior (butterface example) in group

group polarization

opinions and decisions more extreme in a group

groupthink

harmony or conformity

collectivism

doing for the well-being of the group over your own

individualism

individual rights over group

conformity

changing your thoughts, beliefs, or behavior to match group ( social pressure )

social script

playbook learned from society, media, or past

self transcendence

inner joy to do something

self-actualization

reach full potential

esteem

feeling positive about yourself

belongingness & love

feeling connected to other people

safety

security and stability in daily life

physiological

hunger, thirst, sleep, sex

Asch’s Conformity experiment

Participants were placed in a group with confederates (who were in on the experiment) and asked to match line lengths. The results showed that individuals would conform to the majority opinion, even when it was clearly incorrect, highlighting the power of group dynamics over individual judgment.

Stanford Prison experiment

Participants were randomly assigned roles as guards or prisoners in a mock prison setting, extreme and abusive behavior exhibited by the guards, illustrating the powerful influence of social roles and situational contexts on human behavior.

Bystander Effect Experiment

During the session, one participant (an actor) would simulate a seizure. The key finding was that individuals were less likely to intervene when they were in a group. In fact, if only one other participant was present, the likelihood of helping increased, compared to when five or more bystanders were present. This highlighted the diffusion of responsibility, suggesting that people assume someone else will take action, leading to inaction

Sherif’s Robbers Cave Experiment

22 boys split into two groups at summer camp. Phase 1: Groups formed bonds separately. Phase 2: Competitive games created intergroup hostility. Phase 3: Cooperation on superordinate goals (e.g., fixing water tank) reduced conflict. Showed that group conflict arises from competition, but can be reduced through shared goals.

Openness

imaginative, creative, curious

conscientiousness

organized, careful, discplined

extraversion

sociable, fun-loving, affectionate

agreeableness

soft-hearted, trusting, helpful

neuroticism

anxiety, insecure, self-pitying