Us history SDA!

Divided Economy - North

The North was the industrial center of the US economy, relying on producing manufactured goods and importing raw materials. It was dependent on a steady supply of immigrants to provide cheap labor.

Divided Economy - South

The South was primarily agrarian, growing cash crops like cotton and tobacco.

• Slave labor was the primary workforce and form of equity, with the South reliant on selling raw goods to the North.

• Disputes between the North and South arose over economic policies, such as the Tariff of Abominations.

Manifest Destiny

The idea that it was the destiny or right of the United States to expand to the Pacific Ocean. This led to territorial acquisitions like the Louisiana Purchase (almost doubling the size of the US),

• Florida (Treaty of Adams-Onis, 1819),

• the American Southwest (Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo after the Mexican-American War), and

• the Gadsden Purchase (1853).

Popular Sovereignty

The idea that new states could choose for themselves whether or not to be free (slavery permitted or not)

Missouri Compromise of 1820

Brought in one slave state and one free state. It stipulated that slavery would not be allowed in the Louisiana Purchase north of the Mason-Dixon Line.

Compromise of 1850

Allowed California to enter as a free state

Kansas-Nebraska Act 1854

• This act repealed the Missouri Compromise, allowing new states to choose between being slave or non-slave through popular sovereignty.

Abolitionist Movement

Societies that formed in the North, arguing for the end of slavery.

• Discontent over this issue grew significantly between the North and the South.

The North stopped making money as slave brokers after the end of slave importation in 1805, and factories benefited from a steady flow of cheap immigrant labor.

Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857)

The first major challenge to slavery in the United States.

• It asked what happens if a person who is a slave in one state escapes to a free state.

• The Supreme Court's decision was that slaves are considered property, even if they are in a free state, and slave owners have the right to bring back their property.

Bleeding of Kansas

Both pro-slavery and abolitionist factions flooded into Kansas to tip the vote on slavery, leading to fighting breaking out.

John Brown's Rebellion (1859)

John Brown armed slaves and attacked Harpers Ferry, Virginia. Federal troops were brought in to put down the rebellion.

Lincoln's Election & Secession

Lincoln (Northern Republican with a moderate stance on slavery, wanting to preserve the Union but not expand slavery) won the presidential election in 1860.

• This enraged the South, leading them to secede from the Union.

• The North viewed the southern states as being in rebellion, highlighted by the attack on Fort Sumter in April 1861

Reconstruction Period

The period from 1865-1877 following the Civil War, focused on rebuilding the country.

Lincoln's Assassination & Successor

• On April 14, 1865, President Lincoln was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth at Ford's Theater.

• His death created a power vacuum, and Vice President Andrew Johnson took over.

Lincoln's Plan for Reunion

• Lincoln favored a plan that allowed the South to immediately rejoin the Union.

• It offered general forgiveness to Confederates who took an oath of loyalty and required the South to accept the Union's demands on slavery.

Federal troops would occupy the South for a period.

Radical Republicans

A group unhappy with President Johnson's leadership.

• They believed the South should pay for the war and wanted to expand the rights of newly freed slaves.

They sought war reparations, government programs for former slaves, and to limit the power of ex-Confederate officials.

• They eventually impeached Andrew Johnson (he won the trial but did not run for reelection).

13th Amendment

• This formal law formally ends slavery forever in the United States.

14th Amendment

Provides equal protection under the law for all citizens.

• It established that federal government laws overrule all other laws and was intended to stop the South from implementing laws targeted at African Americans.

15th Amendment

Guarantees the right to vote no matter what your race is. This allowed African Americans to vote and hold office.
-Only men could vote.

Freedman Bureau

Created to help former slaves get back on their feet using leftover supplies from the war.

• It provided housing, food, shelter, support to get jobs, and helped newly freed slaves register to vote.

• It also assisted Southerners who lost their homes during the war.

Carpetbaggers and Scalawags

Northerners who headed South after the war seeking economic, political, and financial opportunity.

Southerners often viewed this as a "second invasion". ╰（‵□′）╯

Black Codes

A group of laws demanding that African Americans had to get jobs or be jailed, and also established curfews. ＞﹏＜

Jim Crow Laws

Laws that segregated the South and stopped African Americans from using the same facilities as white southerners.

Tenant Farming / Sharecropping

A new system where rich white landowners would allow African Americans to work their land.

• This system was unbalanced, with landowners retaining most of the profits with little risk, while African Americans did all the labor and paid most of the bills.

End of Reconstruction

Tensions between the South and North eventually led to a "backdoor deal".

• The South agreed to elect a Republican President, and the North agreed to remove all federal troops from the South.

• This occurred after Rutherford B. Hayes became president in 1877.