Unit 3 Progressive movement

Progressive movement

Goal was to fix problems created in the Gilded age. Wanted gov’T to listen to citizens, labor reforms, and social reforms.

Scientific manage

Progressives wanted to increase productivity and efficiency with science.

Muckraker

Investigative journalist who exposed the problems of the Gilded age. They provided solutions to the problems.

16th amendment

Ratified in 1913, allows the Congress to impose a graduated income tax. The more you make, the more you pay.

Jacob Riis

A muckraker who used photography and writing to expose the living and working conditions of those in poverty.

Australian secret ballot

When voters mark their choices in private. The idea was pushed by the populist party and adopted by progressives.

Direct primary

A progressive reform when voters choose who will run for office not the party or political machine. Goal was to end corruption politics.

Robert La Folette

Progressive Governor and Senator from Wisconsin. Lead Wisconsin as the first state to adopt many progressive reforms. Many aimed at giving citizens a bigger role in gov’T.

17th amendment

Allowed direct election of US senators. Goal was to make gov’T more responsive to citizens instead of monopolies and trusts and political machines.

Referendum

Voter driven petition to change in law. Lead by progressive reforms to make gov’T more responsive to citizens.

Initiative

A public vote on proposed legislation. A progressive reform aimed at giving voters a bigger voice in gov’T.

Recall

Allows voters the opportunity to remove an elected official by having another election before their term is up. Must be started by voters through petitions. Progressive election reform.

Pure food and drug act

Things that impact the good of people. Often refers to services provided by the gov’T for the people.

Municipal Reform

Changing the city gov’T so they are more efficient, honest, and responsive.

Teddy Roosevelt

Republican progressive era president 1901-1909. Also ran for the Bull Moose party in 1912 leading a split in the Republican vote helping Democrat Woodrow Wilson win. Know for trust busting, conservation and big stick policy. Considered the first modern president due to his use of the media to gain support for his politics.

Square deal

Teddy Roosevelts domestic programs. Goals of the programs conservation, regulate big business, and protect consumers.

Social welfare

Teddy roosevelt, Howard Taft, and Woodrow Wilson used the Sherman anti-trust act to break up trust/monopolies. They are broken up because they discourage competition and hurt consumers.

Elkins act

A federal law allowing interstate company commission the power to fine railroads who have unfair rebates or discriminate with unfair pricing.

The jungle

Muckraking book written by upton Sinclair. The fictional book depicts actual conditions inside of meatpacking plants. Makes people aware of the unsanitary conditions inside.

Trust busting 1906

Requires truth in labeling of goods sold in the USA. Companies could no longer claim their did things it didn’t do.

Meat inspection act

Created as a reaction to The Jungle. Required sanitary conditions in meatpacking facilities.

Conservation

Preserving or protecting something with the goal of keeping in its natural state.

William Howard Taft

President Roosevelts hand picked successor to the presidency. Republican president 1909-1913. Angered Teddy Roosevelt and other republicans because he did not copy teddys presidency. Angered many by decreasing conservation efforts only former president to become chief justice of the Supreme Court.

18th amendment

Ratified in 1919, it prohibited commercial manufacture, sale, and consumption of alcoholic beverages.

Payne Aldrich Tariff

Passed during Taft presidency. Increased tariffs which upset members of his party. Lead to Taft losing support of Teddy Roosevelt.

Eugene V. Deb’s

American union leader and head of the socialist party. Ran for president 5 times as a socialist. Wanted USA to adopt socialism.

Bull Moose Party

Political party started by Teddy Roosevelt for the 1912 election. Teddy started the party because he did not agree with Howard Taft’s policies.

Underwood Tariff

Lowered tariffs from 40% to 25%. Many American businesses opposed the change. Progressives approved of the change.

Clayton Anti-trust act

Federal law aimed at increasing the gov’T ability to regulate, prosecute, and break up trust/monopolies because they reduced competition.

Federal Trade Commission

Federal agency created to protect consumers and end monopolies. Allowed for gov’T oversight of business

Nigeria Movement

Civil rights organization founded by W.E.B Dubois. Called for immediate end to racial segregation and disenfranchisement. Disagreed with Booker AT. Washington about getting rights slowly.

NAACP

National Association for the Advancement of Colored people started in 1909. Started to gain equal rights for all African Americans. Uses the court system to ensure constitutional rights are being upheld.

National women suffrage

Women’s right movement. Goal was to get women the right to vote. Lead by Susan B. Anthony, Carrie Chapman Catt, and anna Howard Shaw.

19th amendment

Prohibits any citizen of the US from being denied the right to vote based on sex. This gave women the right to vote.

Federal reserve

Created to be independent from the gov’T to prevent political influence. The board controls the amount of money in circulation and the interest rates on loans.

League of Women Votes

Started by suffragist Carrie Chapman Catt as a result of women getting the right to vote. Goal was to encourage women to vote and support issues important to women.