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Psychological Disorder
Dysfunction in cognition, emotion, or behavior causing distress or impairment.
Abnormal Behavior
Actions that deviate from cultural norms, causing dysfunction.
Phobia
An irrational fear of a specific object or situation.
Psychopathology
The study of psychological disorders.
Scientist-Practitioner
A mental health professional who integrates scientific research into practice.
Clinical Description
A detailed summary of a disorder, including symptoms and history.
Prevalence
The proportion of a population with a disorder at a given time.
Incidence
The number of new cases of a disorder in a specific period.
Course
The pattern of development and change of a disorder over time.
Prognosis
The expected future course of a disorder.
Etiology
The study of the causes of disorders.
Exorcism
Ritualistic expulsion of demons from a person.
Psychosocial Treatment
Therapy focusing on social and psychological factors.
Moral Therapy
A humane psychological treatment approach from the 18th century.
Mental Hygiene Movement
A movement for humane mental health treatment.
Psychoanalysis
Freud’s theory emphasizing the unconscious mind.
Behaviorism
A psychological approach focusing on observable behaviors.
Unconscious
Thoughts and feelings outside conscious awareness.
Catharsis
Emotional release linked to unconscious conflicts.
Psychoanalytic Model
A framework explaining behavior through unconscious forces.
Id, Ego, Superego
Freud’s structures of personality.
Intrapsychic Conflicts
Conflicts between the id, ego, and superego.
Defense Mechanisms
Psychological strategies to manage stress and anxiety.
Psychosexual Stages of Development
Freud’s stages of childhood development.
Neurosis
A non-psychotic psychological disorder.
Ego Psychology
A focus on the ego’s role in behavior.
Self-Psychology
The study of how the self develops.
Object Relations
How early relationships shape psychological development.
Collective Unconscious
Jung’s theory of shared human memory.
Free Association
A psychoanalytic technique where patients say whatever comes to mind.
Dream Analysis
Interpretation of dreams to uncover unconscious thoughts.
Psychoanalyst
A professional trained in psychoanalysis.
Transference
Patients projecting feelings onto their therapist.
Psychodynamic Psychotherapy
Modern therapy based on psychoanalytic principles.
Self-Actualizing
Achieving one’s full potential.
Person-Centered Therapy
Therapy focused on empathy and acceptance.
Unconditional Positive Regard
Accepting and supporting clients without judgment.
Cognitive-Behavioral Model
A therapy model integrating thoughts and behaviors.
Classical Conditioning
Learning through associations (Pavlov).
Extinction
The process of unlearning a conditioned response.
Introspection
Examining one’s own thoughts and feelings.
Systematic Desensitization
Gradual exposure therapy for phobias.
Behavior Therapy
Therapy focusing on changing behaviors.
Reinforcement
Reward-based behavior modification.
Shaping
Gradually reinforcing closer approximations of a desired behavior.
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