Spanish 3 Final

Pretérito

Use for completed actions in the past.

Regular -AR endings in Pretérito

é, aste, ó, amos, asteis, aron.

Regular -ER/-IR endings in Pretérito

í, iste, ió, imos, isteis, ieron.

Irregular verbs in Pretérito

Examples include: tener ('tuve'), estar ('estuve'), ir/ser ('fui'), hacer ('hice').

Imperfecto

Use for ongoing or habitual past actions.

Regular -AR endings in Imperfecto

aba, abas, aba, ábamos, abais, aban.

Regular -ER/-IR endings in Imperfecto

ía, ías, ía, íamos, íais, ían.

Irregular verbs in Imperfecto

Examples include: ir ('iba'), ser ('era'), ver ('veía').

Pretérito vs. Imperfecto

Pretérito: completed actions; Imperfecto: background information, habitual actions or ongoing events.

Por

Used for cause, duration, exchange, means, through/around.

Para

Used for purpose, recipient, destination, deadlines.

Direct object pronouns

Replace the 'what' or 'whom': me, te, lo/la, nos, os, los/las.

Indirect object pronouns

Replace the 'to whom' or 'for whom': me, te, le, nos, os, les.

Affirmative informal commands (tú)

Habla, come, escribe.

Negative informal commands (tú)

No hables, no comas, no escribas.

Formal commands (él/ella/usted)

Hable, coma, escriba.

Subjuntivo triggers

Verbs of will, emotion, doubt, disbelief.

Reflexive verbs example

Me despierto temprano. (I wake up early.)

Reciprocal verbs example

Nos ayudamos. (We help each other.)

Ir + a + Infinitivo

Used to talk about future actions.

Emotion words in Spanish

Examples include: alegre, triste, cansado, enojado.

Time expressions in Spanish

Examples include: ayer, anoche, mañana, siempre, nunca.

Subjunctive formation

Use the opposite ending: Hable, coma, viva.

Verbos como gustar

Conjugate based on the object that pleases, not the subject.

Pretérito example

Fui al mercado. (I went to the market.)

Imperfecto example

Cuando era niño, iba al mercado todos los domingos.

Affirmative informal command with pronoun

Dámelo. (Give it to me.)

Negative command with pronoun

No me lo des. (Don’t give it to me.)