Studied by 6 people
Relative Deprivation
The idea that people are deprived compared to other ways
Hierarchy of Needs
Maslow's pyramid of human needs, beginning at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher-level safety needs and then psychological needs become active
Self-Actuaization
At the highest level of the hierarchy, need that essentially equates to achieving one's full potential
Avoidance-Avoidance Conflict
Making a decision between two equally undesirable choices
Subjective Well-Being Phenomenon
How people experience and evaluate their lives and specific domains and activities in their lives
Feel-Good, Do-Good Phenomenon
The tendency for people to be more willing to help or aid others when they feel good about themselves or are in a good mood
Approach-Avoidance Conflict
Involves making decisions about situations that have positive and negative consequences
Approach-Approach Conflict
A person needs to decide between two appealing goals
Extrinsic Motivation
Behavior that is driven by external rewards such as money, fame, grades, and praise
Intrinsic Motivation
Behavior that is driven by internal rewards
Cortisol
A stress hormone
Secondary Appraisal
The evaluation of an individual's ability or resources to cope with a specific situation
Primary Apprasial
The initial evaluation of a situations relevance to one's moral norms and personal preferences and to the likelihood of reaching one's goals
Grit
A positive, non-cognitive trait based on an individual's perseverance of effort combined with the passion for a particular long-term goal
Achievement Motivation
The need for excellence and significant accomplishment despite what rewards may be offered after
Facial Feedback Effect
The tendency of facial muscle states to trigger corresponding feelings such as fear, anger, or happiness
Behavior Feedback Effect
The tendency of behavior to influence our own and others' thoughts, feelings, and actions
Stress
The process by which we perceive and respond to certain events, called stressors, that we appraise as threatening or challenging
General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)
Selye's concept of the body's adaptive response to stress in three phases—alarm, resistance, exhaustion.
Tens and Befriend Response
Under stress, people (especially women) often provide support to others (tend) and bond with and seek support from others (befriend)
Psychoneuroimmunology
The study of how psychological, neural, and endocrine processes together affect the immune system and resulting health
Type A
Competitive, hard-driving, impatient, verbally aggressive, and anger-prone people
Type B
Easygoing and relaxed people
Catharsis
Purification or purgation of the emotions primary through art
Coronary Heart Disease
The clogging of the vessels that nourish the heart muscle
Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotions
Suggests that the physical and psychological experience of emotion happen at the same time and that one does not cause the other
Schachter-Singer Two-Factor Theory
Physiological arousal occurs first, and then the individual must identify the reason for this arousal to experience and label it as an emotion
James-Lange Theory
Emotions occur as a result of physiological reactions to events
Emotion
A mind and body's integrated response to a stimulus of some kind
Polygraphs
Lie detector machines, hooked up to a person to record changes in heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, and skin response
Obesity
The condition of having excess body fat resulting in being overweight
Testosterone
Responsible for typically male behaviors
Estrogen
Hormone produced mainly by the overuse and act as the principle female sex hormones
Ventromedial Hypothalamus
A region of the hypothalamus primarily associated with feelings of satiety
Lateral Hypothalamus
The region of the hypothalamus that may be involved in the regulation of eating
Physiological Needs
Biological requirements for human survival
Incentives
A positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior
Homeostasis
A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state
Instinct
A complex, unlearned behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species
Motivation
A need or desire that energizes and directs behavior
Drive-Reduction Theory
The idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need
Yerkes-Dodson Law
The principle that performance increases with arousal only up to a point, beyond which performance decreases
Set Point
The point at which an individual's "weight thermostat" is supposedly set.
Glucose
The form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues. When its level is low, we feel hunger.
Basal Metabolic Rate
The body's resting rate of energy expenditure
Asexual
Lack of sexual attraction to others or lack of interest in sex
Refractory Period
A resting period after orgasm, during which a man cannot achieve another orgasm
Sexual Response Cycle
The four stages of sexual responding described by Masters and Johnson - excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution
Affiliation Need
Describes the human need for involvement and belonging to a social group
Narcissism
Excessive self-love and self-absorption
Ostracism
An extreme form of rejection in which one is excluded and ignored in the presence of others
William James
Known for creating the James-Lange Theory
Carl Lange
Know for creating James-Lange Theory
Robert Zajonc
Discovered mere exposure effect
Richard Lazarus
Created stress appraisal theory
Stanley Schachter
Developed two-factor theory
Walter Cannon
Created Cannon-Bard Theory
Henry Murray
Developed psychogenic needs theory
Abraham Maslow
Developed hierarchy of needs
Hans Selye
Discovered stress as signs/symptoms of illness
Alfred Kinsey
First person to explore sexuality from a scientific perspective
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Flashcard (59)