chapter 5 motivation

What are the two types of motivation described in motivation theory?

Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation.

What drives intrinsic motivation?

Internal rewards like passion, enjoyment, and personal fulfillment.

What drives extrinsic motivation?

External rewards like money, promotions, and recognition.

What do content theories focus on?

What motivates people.

What do process theories focus on?

How motivation occurs.

What is Theory X in Douglas McGregor's theories?

Assumes people are lazy and need strict supervision.

What is Theory Y in Douglas McGregor's theories?

Assumes people are self-motivated and capable of self-direction.

What are the levels in Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs?

Physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, self-actualization.

What does Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory differentiate between?

Hygiene factors that prevent dissatisfaction and motivators that drive satisfaction.

What are the three main needs in McClelland’s Needs Theory?

Need for Achievement, Need for Affiliation, Need for Power.

What is Self-Determination Theory?

Theory stating people are motivated when they feel autonomy, competence, and relatedness.

What does Equity Theory propose regarding motivation?

People compare their input/output ratios to others and are motivated to restore balance if they perceive inequity.

What are the types of justice in the workplace according to equity theory?

Distributive Justice, Procedural Justice, Interactional Justice.

What is Expectancy Theory?

Theory that states motivation depends on expectancy, instrumentality, and valence.

What does goal-setting theory state about clear and challenging goals?

They increase motivation and performance.

What does SMART stand for in goal-setting?

Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Time-bound.

What is the impact of job design on motivation?

How work is structured can significantly influence motivation.

What is Scientific Management in job design theories?

Jobs should be simple, efficient, and standardized.

What is job enlargement?

Expanding the number of tasks to reduce monotony.

What is job rotation?

Shifting employees between tasks for variety.

What is job enrichment?

Adding more responsibility and autonomy to increase motivation.