Chapter 4: The Colonies Develop

How the colonies grew and developed into the regions that we know today!

Backcountry

the far western edges of the other colonies

Navigation Acts

Laws passed by the British to control colonial trade

Triangular Trade

complex system of transatlantic exchange of slaves, rum, sugar, and molasses

King Philip's War (1675-1676)

Native American uprising against the Puritan colonists.

subsistence farming

farming in which only enough food to feed one's family is produced

smuggling

importing or exporting goods illegally.

common

shared land where public activities took place.

congregation

group of people who belong in the same church.

Mercantilism

economic system that European nations used to enrich their treasuries

Bacon's Rebellion

1676 rebellion in Virginia

Eliza Lucas

introduced indigo as a successful plantation crop

Stono Rebellion

1739 slave rebellion in South Carolina

cash crops

crops raised to be sold for money.

overseers

people who watch over and direct the work of slaves

indigo

A plant used to make valuable blue dye

Tidewater

flat land along the coast

elite

the highest ranking social group

Philidelphia

settlement on the Delaware River that became the fastest growing city in the colonies

Conestoga Wagons

covered wagons introduced by German immigrants. Used to carry produce to town.

artisans

skilled craftspeople, such as blacksmiths and cabinet makers

Denomination

distinct religious group

Quakers

Group of Protestant dissenters. They were very tolerant of others. Believed Slavery was immoral

tolerance

acceptance of different opinions

Appalacian Mountains

mountain range streatching

Scots-Irish

the name given to people from the borderlands of Scotland and England and from northern Ireland

fall line

the point at which waterfalls prevent large boats from moving farther upriver

Piedmont

the broad plateau that lies at the foot of the Blue Ridge Mountains of the Appalachian range

Clans

larger groups of families that claim one common ancestor.

New England, Middle, Southern, Backcountry

What are the four regions of the colonies?

New England, Africa, and the West Indies

What were the stops of the triangular trade route?

New England: Rum, Iron -\> Africa: Slaves -\> West Indies: Molasses, Slaves.

What cargo did each leg of the Triangular Trade route include?

1. All gods had to be carried on English ships, or ships made in English colonies.

2. Products such as tobacco, wood, and sugar could be sold only to England or its colonies.

3. European imports to the colonies had to pass trough English ports.

4. Officials were to tax any goods not shipped to England.

What were the four provisions designed to ensure that England profited from colonial trade?

Blackbeard

an English pirate who operated in the Caribbean and off the Atlantic coast of North America (died in 1718)

Arrival of non Puritan immigrants.

Puritans couldn't force people to go to church.

Political Changes.

Lost control of elections.

What were the causes of Puritan decline?

gristmill

a mill for grinding grain

Easy source of water. Fertile land.

Why would cities prosper on the river?

Quakers, and Germans

Who were the main immigrants that came to the middle colonies?

Being talented artisans

What were Germans well known for?

Southern Planters

Were wealthy and held political positions.

Slaves

Who lived in one room cabins and lived on limited food?

William Byrd II

A planter, slave-owner and author from Charles City County, Virginia. He is considered the founder of Richmond, Virginia

clans

groups of families who claim a common ancestor

New England: long winters, sort growing season

Middle colonies: short winters, fertile soil.

Southern Colonies: warm; nearly year-log growing season

The Backcountry varied

What were each region of the colonies growing seasons?

Native Americans.

Who did many backcountry settlers run into and sometimes battle?