First practice test - wrong in chem section

A peptide bond ALWAYS forms between: a

amine (–NH₂), and a carboxyl group (–COOH)

If something has a lone pair then it is a

lewis base

what is the acid and base in this equation

HCl+H2​O→Cl−+H3​O+

HCl is the acid (H is taken away)

H20 is the base (it added a Hydrogen) 

Shorter wavelength =

higher energy

Longer wavelength =

lower energy

what is the energy equation

E = hc/λ 

• h = 6.62 × 10⁻³⁴ J·c

• c = 3.0 × 10⁸ m/s

• λ = wavelength in meters

absorbs high-energy photon  =

excitation

 releases lower-energy photon  =

emission

ΔE =

Eexcitation - Eemission

After you move decimals to divide what do you do -

make sure to move decimals back

1 µM =_____ nM

1000

Every carbon in a benzene ring is sp². - so

3 in each ring

In laccases, the sulfur ligand is

cysteine

What is the Kcat equation:

Kcat = vmax/E

vmax =  rate of product formation

E = enzyme concentration

Least to most polar 

(alkane/alkene/alkyne, -> ether/ester/aldehye/ketone -> alcohol -> amide/amine -> carboxylic acid) 

The half-life of a radioactive material is:

• A. half the time it takes for all of the radioactive nuclei to decay into radioactive nuclei.

• B. half the time it takes for all of the radioactive nuclei to decay into their daughter nuclei.

• C. the time it takes for half of all the radioactive nuclei to decay into radioactive nuclei.

• D. the time it takes for half of all the radioactive nuclei to decay into their daughter nuclei.

• D. the time it takes for half of all the radioactive nuclei to decay into their daughter nuclei

Energy questions ALWAYS deal with

height

Choose _____ when the question describes:

Standing, Balancing, Not falling over, Shifting weight, Moving center of mass✔ Rotation around a pivot (torque), Preventing tipping, getting up from chair

equilibrium answers

You pick a______n when the question involves:

• Lifting something heavy

• Applying force at a distance (levers)

• Changing the angle of a muscle to increase the mechanical advantage

• Using ramps, pulleys, longer arms/levers

force answer

 fully folded protein -

tertiary protein

Aromatic amino acids:

trp, phe, tyr

Energy equation:

E = hc/wavelength

 an electronic excited state that is closer in energy to the ground state? - will have

the lowest energy (highest wavelength) 

Phosphorylating something →

γ-phosphate

β + γ leave as pyrophosphate (PPᵢ) →

Making DNA/RNA

 Which phosphate stays in nucleotides →

α-phosphate

When a nucleotide is added during DNA replication, which phosphate(s) are released?

A. α
B. β
C. γ
D. β and γ together
E. all three

D. β and γ together

T =

theronine

Y =

tyrosine

W -

tryptophan

D -

aspartic acid

E -

glutamic acid

Q -

glutamine

the process of a kinase adding a phosphate group to a molecule to regulate its activity or signaling.

phosphorylation

Amine (–NH₂) is _____

Carboxyl (–COOH) is _____

Hydroxyl (–OH) is also _____

polar and basic., polar and acidic, polar

phophorylation happens on the

side chain of the OH group (serine, tyrosine, theronine)

Hydroxyl-containing amino acids (–OH group)

These are the ones that can be phosphorylated by kinases.

serine, tyrosine, theronine

aromatic amino acids

phenylanine, tyrosine, tryptophan (absorb light)

→ –CH₂–SH
→ can form disulfide bonds
→ can be deprotonated to S⁻ (nucleophile)

cysteine

→ –S– in the middle (thioether)
→ cannot form disulfides

mehtionine

cyclic, breaks α-helices

proline

smallest

glycine

If a curve is sigmoidal → the process is

cooperative

A higher melting temperature is indicative of a

more stable protien

lungs/oxygen-

venturi

____ base pairs create stronger pi-stacking interactions in the duplex than ____

GC, AT

For two liquids with different boiling points, the one with the lower boiling point will have the

higher vapor pressure at the same temperature.

Two fatty acids ester-linked to a single glycerol plus a charged head group

phospholipid

Three fatty acids ester-linked to a single glycerol

storage lipid

Two fatty acids ester-linked to a single sphingosine plus a charged head grouo

sphingomyelin

Three fatty acids ester-linked to a single sphingosine

ceramide

A ___ affects the reaction rate but not the total amount of product produced at equilibrium.

catalyst

• [Cu(NH₃)₄]²⁺

• [Fe(CN)₆]³⁻

• BF₃·NH₃

coordinate covalent bonds

NH₃ is a stronger Lewis base than H₂O because the

nitrogen atom is less electronegative than the oxygen atom.

the number behind the element K₃F₅Cl₇

coordination number

Ph equation

pH = pka + log (base/acid)

log(1) =

0

log(10) =

1

log(0.1) =

-1

Diastolic -

denominator

single bond -

longest bond length, lowest bond energy, most flexible

triple bond

shortest bond length, highest bond energy

Sugar–phosphate backbone =

outside

Nitrogenous bases =

inside

A glass rod is rubbed with a silk scarf producing a charge of +3.2 × 10^–9 C on the rod. (Recall that the magnitude of the proton and electron charges is 1.6 × 10^–19 C.) The glass rod has:

A. 5.1 × 10¹¹ protons added to it.

B. 5.1 × 10¹¹ electrons removed from it.

C. 2.0 × 10¹⁰ protons added to it.

D. 2.0 × 10¹⁰ electrons removed from it.

D. 2.0 × 10¹⁰ electrons removed from it

the + means that electrons were removed

At STP, the molar volume of an ideal gas is

22.4

Which single bond present in nitroglycerin is the LEAST polar?

A. C–H

B. C–O

C. C–C

D. O–N

C. C–C

Power =

energy/time or mgh/time

AHED

absorption, higher potential, excited, distance from nucleus