Baby Pluto

Mitral Valve Prolapse

Improper closure of the cusps of the left atrioventricular valve, leading to regurgitation during left ventricle contraction.

Valvular Heart Disease

Serious issues reducing pumping efficiency, caused by congenital defects or post-carditis, often due to rheumatic fever.

Extracellular Ions and Cardiac Output

Elevated calcium levels enhance cardiac muscle excitability, while abnormal potassium levels impact heart rate and rhythm.

Abnormal Hemoglobin

Thalassemia results from inadequate globular protein production, Sickle Cell Anemia causes RBC shape changes, and Hemolytic anemia results from RBC breakdown.

Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn

Maternal antibodies attacking fetal RBCs, leading to dangerous anemia, also known as erythroblastosis fetalis.

Blood Compatibility Testing

Categorizing individuals based on RBC surface antigens, ensuring compatibility through cross-match testing.

Embolism and Thrombus Formation

This blocks circulation downstream, while this is a blood clot attached to a vessel wall.

Hemophilia

Inherited disorder with inadequate clotting factor production, leading to extensive bleeding in severe cases.

Tracheal Blockage

Aspiration causing blockages, managed by the Heimlich maneuver, intubation, or tracheostomy.

Artificial Respiration

Techniques like mouth-to-mouth resuscitation or intubation to provide air, with mechanical ventilation for respiratory muscle failure.

Decompression Sickness

Develops from sudden pressure drops, causing nitrogen bubbles and pain, commonly known as 'the bends'.

Carbon Monoxide Poisoning

CO gas binding to hemoglobin, reducing oxygen transport, treated by avoiding exposure and administering oxygen.

Emphysema and Lung Cancer

Is linked to cigarette smoke, lung cancer originates in bronchial passages or alveoli.

Hypercapnia

Increase in arterial blood P stimulating chemoreceptors, leading to hyperventilation to decrease alveolar CO2 concentrations.

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)

Affects infants aged two to four months, possibly due to respiratory center connection disruption.

Ascites

Caused by increased fluid in the peritoneal cavity, associated with conditions like liver disease, kidney disease, and heart failure.

Mumps

Targets salivary glands, prevented by vaccination, and can lead to sterility in postadolescent males.

Esophagitis and Diaphragmatic Hernias

Caused by gastric acid entry, hiatal hernias involve abdominal organs moving into the thoracic cavity.

Gastritis and Peptic Ulcers

Is inflammation of the gastric mucosa, this forms due to digestive acid erosion.

Vomiting

Triggered by digestive tract irritation, involves stomach content expulsion, and repeition of this can lead to severe tooth damage.