ap world #18 interwar period

hyperinflation

rapid, out of control price increases that make a countrys currency worthless. economic panic

consumerism

economic/social system that encourages the purchasing of goods/services, and defines a good life by having possessions

protectionism

govt acts to protect its own local industries from foreign competition (like trade)

black thursday

1st day of 1929 stock market crash, start of great depression

great depression

decade long economic collapse cause from stock market, mass unemployment, halt trade, bank fail, instability

welfare state

govt take primary responsibilty for social/econ well being of citizens, providing services like healthcare, education, unemployment benefits, etc.

franklin roosevelt

32nd US pres, led nation through great depression with new deal reforms, guided US into WWII as a major allied power

new deal

US govt prgrams.policies from Roosevelt to fight the great depression. Relief, recovery, reform

john maynard keynes

british economist who revolutionized how govts handle economic crises

deficit spending

govt spends more money that it collects in taxes in a specific period

smoot-hawley tariff

a US law that raise import duties on over 20k good to protect american buisnesses an farmers during great depression

fascism

right wing, authoritarian, dictatorism political ideology

adolf hitler

totalitarian dictator of germany who led the nazi party during WWII and organized the holocaust

benito mussolini

fascist dictator of italy, II Duce

Joseph Stalin

soviet dictator politician who governed the soviet union

five year plan

centralized programs from joseph stalin (soviets) that rapidly transformed the nation from agricultural society to industrial superpower.

collectivization

govt policy in the soviet union that forced peasants to give up their small private farms to join large, state-run collective farms.

totalitarianism

single party or leader hold absolute power

gulag

forced labor camps of the soviet union

corporatism

govt manages economy with functional societal groups, economic system of fascism

II Duce

benito mussolini

black shirts

members of paramilitary wing of fascist party in italy

fransisco franco

authoritarian dictator of spain

spanish civil war

a brutal conflict between the Nationalists (fascist rebels led by Gen. Francisco Franco) and the Republicans (left-leaning government loyalists

popular front

fighting against franco, want to unite left wing against fascism

guernica

a town in basque region of spain, bombed during spanish civil war, civilians first time targeted in war

basque region

between spain and france (part of spain)

hideki tojo

military dictator of japan

emperor hirohito

emperor of japan, but only a figurehead

rape of nanking

a six-week period of mass murder, rape, and looting committed by the Imperial Japanese Army against Chinese civilians and disarmed soldiers in the captured capital city of Nanjing.

national socialist party

nazi party of germany

gestapo

secret state police force of nazi germany that helped totalitarian control

propoganda

spread of biased information to manipulate public opinion often through media

third reich

overall germany under hitlers nazi regime. characterized with totalitarian rule, holocost genocide, nazism, etc.

luftwaffe

“air weapon” in germany warfare branch of nazi germany’s military

lebensraum

“living space” in german, nazi ideology saying german needed to conquer east european territories for various reasons (resources, racial purity, etc.)

sudetenland

mountainous border region of czechslovakia inhabited largely by ethic germans that hitler demanded/sought his own.

mein kampf

“my struggle” autobiography from hitler when he was imprisoned in 1924

appeasement

diplomatic policy of making compromises to an aggressor to avoid conflict

neville chamberlain

british prime minister that used appeasement toward nazi germany, signed the munich agreement

Edouard daladier

french radical politician, prime minister of france x3, signed munich agreement, declared war on germany from their (germany) invasion on poland

anschluss

political union and annexation of austria from nazi germany, key in hitler expansionism

munich agreement

failed appeasement where britain, france and italy allowed for the annexation of parts of czechslovakia from germany to prevent war

nuremburg laws

a set of laws that were racist rules from nazi germany, institutionalizing racial discrimination and had legal framework for jewish persecution

ghettos

segregated area of a city

kristallnacht

“crystal night” in german, state sponsored violent riots against jews (their homes, businesses etc.) across nazi germany, austria, sudetenland