17th and 18th century Absolutism and Conservatism

What country was the Dutch Republic independent from?

Spain

What is the modern-day name for the Dutch Republic?

The Netherlands

What was the political organization of The Netherlands?

Ruled by wealthy merchants, 7 independent provinces negotiated with a central government

What was the Dutch Republics 6 largest exports?

Tulips, Beef, Fish, Dairy, Ship Building, and Textile Production

What ethnicity replaced the Italians as the “bankers of Europe”?

Dutch

What king was overthrown by Parliament, (king’s followers were Cavaliers, Parliament followers were roundheads)

King Charles I of England

Who led the Parliament army?

Oliver Cromwell

From 1649 to 1660, what religion was England?

A Puritan Republic

What two nations did Oliver Cromwell invade?

Scotland and Ireland

What was Cromwell’s Puritanical Moral Code?

No dancing, gambling, theater going, alcohol, sports, or freedom of the press

Why did England restore the monarchy?

After the death of Oliver Cromwell, the English were unhappy with his rule

What religious philosophy did King Charles II have?

Christian tolerance, but favors Catholicism

What was the Popish Plot?

Titus Oates testified that he thought the Jesuits were trying to replace him with his Catholic brother

What religion was banned from English parliament in 1678?

Catholics

Who was James II? Why was he unpopular?

Brother of Charles II, he was a Catholic absolute monarch

What was the Test Act?

Required all civil & military officials of the crown to swear an oath against the doctrine of Transubstaniation

What act did James II repeal?

The Test Act

What is Transubstantiation?

The Catholic belief when you take communion, it becomes the blood and body of Christ

Who did the English people want to succeed James II?

His protestant daughter Mary II

What is the Glorious Revolution?

When James II is deposed and driven to France, Mary II becomes Queen of England