LIE DETECTION AND TECHNIQUES

Who is known as the Father of Criminalistics?

Dr. Hans Gross

What is the primary goal of criminal investigations according to Dr. Hans Gross?

The search for truth.

What is Polygraphy?

A scientific method of detecting deception using a polygraph instrument.

The new name of Lie Detection

Polygraphy

What does a polygraph instrument measure?

Physiological changes in blood pressure, pulse rate, respiration, and skin resistance.

It is also called a “Truth Verifier” since statistics show that it is the vast majority of the instances the instrument verifies an innocent person’s truthfulness.

Polygraphy

What is the misleading popular name for the polygraph?

Lie Detector.

What does Polygraph mean in Greek?

Many Writings

Defined as any untruthful statement, falsehood, anything that decieves or create false impression.

Lie

Is the act of detecting, discovery, perceiving, finding, or uncovering something obscure.

Detection

What tool is used in criminal investigations to determine lying?

Polygraph.

A lie used to maintain harmony in personal or professional relationships.

Benign Lie

A communist propaganda which is against the government.

Red Lie

A chronic lie intended to mislead justice and obstruct the legal process.

Malicious Lie

It is a lie that results to emotional disturbance?

Direct Denial

Type of lie commonly used because it is easy to tell.

Lie of omission

A lie which is used to overplay what actually happened.

Lie of exaggeration

Involves acceptance of a person that something happened but downplays the implication or seriousness of the offense.

Lie of minimization

A lie which is the most difficult to use because it is without proof.

Fabricated Lie

Enumerate the types of liar.

Panic, Occupational, Tournament, Ethnological, Psychopathic, Pathological, Black

A person who panics when questioned about his involvement concerning a crime but immediately denies the truth to avoid shame or humiliation that it might cause to his family. A panic liar decides to circumvent the truth in order to avoid humiliating consequences of his confession to himself or to his family.

Panic Liar

An individual whose job is to tell lies and deceive other people. One who is being paid to tell lies. He is a practical liar he will tell lies if doing it provides a higher pay-off than telling the truth.

Occupational Liar

A person who uses the act of lying to test his ability and prove to his self that he is capable of deceiving the police or authorities. One who is gratified by telling lies to mislead others. His view is that telling lies is one form of contest.

Tournament Liar

A person trained to lie. Members of intelligence agencies are good examples of this category of liars. Is one who is taught not to be a squeler.

Ethnological Liar

An individual who has no conscience thus capable of lying to the point of causing death to other people.

Psychopathic Liar

A person who cannot distinguish right from wrong. A Lotally insane person.

Pathological Liar

A person who always pretends (of what he thinks of himself, what kind of person he is, and what he is). A liar of this type is known as hypocrite.

Black Liar

A severe test of character or endurance; historically, a physical test to determine guilt or innocence.

Ordeal

What is the term that is closely related in the Mediecal Latin “Dei Indicum” meaning “Miraculous Decision”?

Ordeal

What is the earliest known reference of the methods for detecting deception?

AYUR-VEDA

It is a Hindu book of health and science and was the basis of the invention of polygraph machine.

AYUR-VEDA

It is a method practiced in the hill of Rajhmal in North Bengal where the accused place his tongue to a red hot iron, if burned, he is put to death.

Red Hot Iron Ordeal

A method practiced in the Institute of Vishnu, India where a scale balance is used.

Ordeal of Balance

What type of ordeal is used in modern Africa where the subject will plunged their arms into the boiling water pot to the elbow and step into the other side of the fire?

Boiling Water Ordeal

What ordeal was practiced by Indians where they use a type of rice called “sathee” prepared with various incantations and requires the accused to chew a handful of sathee while facing the east direction?

Ordeal by Rice Chewing

This was the usual mode of trial for witchcraft. Involves a “no-win” situation. The accused was out into a sack then thrown into an icy pond.

Cold Water Ordeal

Is also called Sassy Bark Ordeal and was practiced somewhere in Eastern Africa. After fasting for 12 hours, the accused is reuired to swallow small amount of rice then immersed in dark colored water.

Red Water Ordeal

Bier is a table which a casket or corpse is placed anwas oracticed in England. Based on a belief that the dead could point out their killer.

Bier Ordeal

It is also called as the Blessed Bread Ordeal.

Corsnaed Ordeal

In this ordeal, a priest would place a hollowed bread into the accused mouth while uttering imprecations.

Corsnaed Ordeal

Ordeal was for clergy and monks practiced in Europe, particularly Catholics. When the accused takes the host and is guilty, God would smite him with sickness or death.

Eucharist Test

Practiced in Siam where the accuser and accused are place together in a room and a tiger is set loose.

Ordeal of the Tiger

Base on a psychological theory, which the donkey placed in one room alone and observed it,if the donkey cried, will be adjudged of guilty for the crime.

Donkey’s Tail Ordeal

What is one type of ordeal practiced in medieval times where the accuser and accused report to a duel where winner is adjudged innocent?

Ordeal by combat.

What physiological reactions does a polygraph test aim to record?

Blood pressure, pulse rate, respiration, and skin resistance.

What are the signs of emotional tension that may indicate deception?

Color changes, sweating, inability to maintain eye contact, etc.

A person who denies the truth out of panic to avoid shame or humiliation.

Panic Liar

What is the purpose of a polygraph examination?

To detect deception and verify the truth of statements.

Name one method of detecting deception aside from polygraphy.

Use of hypnotism.

What does a 'Psychopathic Liar' lack?

A conscience.

What device records changes in a subject's breathing during a polygraph test?

Pneumograph.

What does the term 'red lie' refer to?

A communist propaganda lie against the government.

What is the main function of a galvanograph in a polygraph machine?

To record changes in skin resistance.

How does fear affect physiological responses according to the historical context presented?

Fear slows the digestive process, impacting abilities like spitting dry rice.

What is the 'Eucharist test' associated with?

A trial that involves the belief that the guilty will suffer if they consume the consecrated bread.