Speech Midterm

What are the elements of the communication process?

Sender - Message - Channel - Listener - Feedback - Interference - Situation

What is the transactional model of communication?

A dynamic process where both the speaker and listener are simultaneously sending and receiving messages.

How do you become an ethical speaker?

Be Prepared, Be Honest, Avoid Abusive Language, Be Ethical.

How do you practice ethical listening?

Be Courteous & Attentive, Avoid Prejudging, Be Open.

What is public speaking anxiety?

Being afraid to speak in front of others, especially in large groups.

What are suggestions for managing public speaking anxiety?

Experience, Prepare, Think Positive, Use Visuals, Audience Doesn’t Know, Don't Expect Perfection.

What is the difference between conversation and public speaking?

Public Speaking is more highly structured, requires more formal language, and requires a different method of delivery.

What is a general purpose in public speaking?

The broad goal of a speech.

What is a specific purpose in public speaking?

States precisely what a speaker hopes to accomplish in the speech.

What is a central idea in public speaking?

One-sentence statement that sums up the major ideas of a speech.

What is audience analysis and why is it important?

The process of gathering information about an audience to understand their needs, interests, and behaviors.

What is the purpose of informative speaking?

To inform the audience without attempting to persuade them or take a position on the topic.

What are main points in a speech?

They inform the audience about the topics being discussed.

What are different types of organizational patterns in speech?

Chronological, Spatial, Topical, Cause & Effect, Problem/Solution, Compare & Contrast.

What are transitions in public speaking?

Words or phrases that indicate when a speaker has finished one thought and is moving on to another.

What is an impromptu speech?

A speech delivered with little or no immediate preparation.

What is a manuscript speech?

A speech that is written out word for word and read to the audience.

What is a memorized speech?

A speech delivered from memory without notes.

What is an extemporaneous speech?

A carefully prepared and rehearsed speech that is presented from a brief set of notes.

What rules should you follow when outlining your speech?

Title, Specific Purpose, Central Idea, Introduction, Main Points, Sub Points, Connectives, Conclusion, Bibliography.

What are the required elements in an introduction?

Grab audience Attention, Reveal Topic, Establish Credibility, Preview Body.

What is plagiarism?

Presenting another person’s language or ideas as one’s own.

How can you avoid plagiarism?

Keep detailed notes and take note of every site referenced.

Why is it important to cite sources?

It gives proper credit to the authors of the information used.

What are logos, ethos, and pathos?

Logos: Appeals to logic; Ethos: Appeals to credibility; Pathos: Appeals to emotion.

Where can you find information for your speech?

Credible books, websites, articles.

What criteria should you use when evaluating sources?

Authorship, Sponsorship, Recency.

What are appropriate sources of information?

Things published, such as books and articles.

What are verbal citations?

A spoken reference to a source.

What are in-text citations?

Brief reference within the body of the speech.

What are bibliographies?

A comprehensive list of all sources used.

What is demographic audience analysis?

Analysis based on age, religion, race, ethnic and cultural background, gender identity, sexual orientation, and group membership.

What is situational audience analysis?

Analysis based on size of the audience, physical setting, the audience's disposition towards the topic, the speaker, and the occasion.

What is ethnocentrism?

Belief that one’s own group or culture is superior to all other groups or cultures.

What is the difference between listening and hearing?

Listening: Paying close attention to what we hear; Hearing: Vibration of sound waves on the eardrums.

What are the different types of listening?

Informational, Critical, Empathetic, Appreciative, Discriminative.

What are examples of barriers to listening?

Environmental Noise, Distractions, Perceived Notions, Rapid Rate.

What are the characteristics of effective verbal delivery?

Clear articulation, appropriate volume, varied pitch & pace, confident posture.

What are the characteristics of effective physical delivery?

Natural gestures, good eye contact, facial expressions, mindful body movement.