Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, & Nervous Tissue

Unit 3 Health and Social Care LAA Anatomy & Physiology

epithelial tissue

Tissue that covers outside of the body and lines organs and cavities. Lines body cavities (space)

squamous

flat cells

cuboidal

cube shaped cells

columnar

column shaped cells

simple

one layer of cells

stratified

more than one layer

pseudostratified

This type of epithelial tissue appears to have multiple layers but all cells are in contact with the basement membrane

basal surface

The bottom layer of epithelial tissue that attaches to the basement membrane

apical surface

an upper free surface exposed to the body exterior or the cavity of an internal organ

simple squamous epithelium

Structure: single layer of flat thin epithelial cells with central round nuclei
Location: alveoli in lungs, lining of blood vessels, body cavities, kidney tubules like loop of henle
Function: Allows materials to pass through using the process of diffusion and filtration. Gas exchange - secretes lubricating substance

simple cuboidal epithelium

DESCRIPTION: single layer of cubelike cells w/ large spherical nuclei
LOCATION: thyroid follicies, kidney tubules, surface of ovary
FUNCTION: secrete hormones, absorption, cover follicle

simple columnar epithelium

DESCRIPTION: single layer of column like cells - w/ oval nuclei; some have cilia; may contain goblet cells
FUNCTION: absorption; secretion of mucus, enzymes, ciliated type propels (pushes forward) mucus (or reproductive cells e.g egg cells) by ciliary action (wave like motion)
LOCATION: non-ciliated lines most of the digestive tract (stomach to rectum), bladder -
ciliated variety lines small bronchi, uterine tubes, and some regions of the uterus

goblet cells

secrete mucus

cilia

hairlike projections from cells that move with a wavelike motion to propel substances across the surface - example cilia on uterine tubes propels forward egg cells to the uterus for fertilisation and development of an embryo.

Microvili

finger like projections of the cell plasma membrane. the function is to increase surface area for secretion and absorbtion

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

DESCRIPTION: tissue that consists of a single layer of irregularly shaped and sized cells that give the appearance of multiple layers
FUNCTION: secretes substances (mucus); propulsion of muses by ciliated action
LOCATION: nonciliated type in males sperm ducts and ducts of large glands.
ciliated found in trachea and the upper respiratory tract

stratified squamous epithelium

DESCRIPTION: several layers of flat cells; basal cells are cuboidal or columnar;
FUNCTION: protects underlying tissues, protects against abrasion
LOCATION: nonkeratinized forms linings of esophagus, mouth, and vagina
keratinized forms epidermis of skin

keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

epidermis of skin - protective barrier against radiation, harmful chemicals and bacteria, keeps body hydrated, produces new skin cells and contains melanin that dictates the colour of your skin

nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

a stratified squamous epithelium that does not contain a superficial layer of dead cells (keratin). All layers including the most superficial layer of cells contain nuclei.
Provide protection and is a covering for most internal cavities of the body e.g vagina

stratified cuboidal epithelium

DESCRIPTION: generally two layers of cuboidal cells
FUNCTION: protection
LOCATION: largest ducts of sweat glands, mammary glands, and salivary glands

lumen

space within a tubular part or organ, such as the space within a blood vessel.

stratified columnar epithelium

DESCRIPTION: several cells; basal cells are cuboidal; superficial cells are elongated
FUNCTION: protection; secretion
LOCATION: rare in the body; small amounts in male urethra and in large ducts of some glands

transitional epithelium

DESCRIPTION: resembles stratified squamous and cuboidal; basal cells cuboidal or columnar; surface cells are dome or squamous shaped depending on degree of organ stretch
FUNCTION: allows urinary organs to expand and stretch e.g bladder
LOCATION: lines the ureters, urinary bladder, and part of the urethra

connective tissue

Found in all parts of the body as discrete structures or as part of various body organs.
It is the most abundant and widely distributed of the tissue types.
Protect, support, insulate, and bind together the tissues of the body.

areolar connective tissue

DESCRIPTION: cells in fluid-gel matrix with all three fiber types; cells: fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells, and some white blood cells
FUNCTION: wraps and cushions organs; its macrophages phagocytize bacteria; plays important role in inflammation; holds and conveys tissue fluid
LOCATION: widely distributed under epithelia of body; forms lamina propria of mucous membranes; packages organs; surrounds capillaries

adipose connective tissue

DESCRIPTION: matrix as in areolar, but vary sparse; with closely packed fat cells (adipocytes); nucleus pushed to side by fat droplet
FUNCTION: provides reserve fuel; insulates against heat loss; supports and protects organs
LOCATION: under skin, around kidneys & eyeballs, within abdomen, and breasts

bone (osseous tissue)

Description:
• Hard, calcified matrix containing many collagen fibers
• osteocytes lie in lacunae
• Very well vascularized.

Function:
• Supports and protects (by enclosing)
• provides levers for the muscles to act on
• stores calcium and other minerals and fat
• marrow inside bones is the site for blood cell formation (hematopoiesis)

Location:
• Bones

blood connective tissue

Description: red and white blood cells in a fluid matrix (plasma)
Function: transport respiratory gases, nutrients, wastes, and other substances
Location: contained within blood vessels

nervous tissue

A body tissue that carries electrical messages back and forth between the brain and every other part of the body.

muscle tissue

A body tissue that contracts or shortens, making body parts move.

skeletal muscle tissue

Description: Long, cylindrical, multinucleate cells; obvious striations

Function: Voluntary movement; locomotion; manipulation of the environment; facial expression; voluntary control

Location: In skeletal muscles attached to bones or occasionally to skin

cardiac muscle tissue

Description: Branching striated, generally uninucleate cells that interdigitate at specialized junctions (intercalated discs)

Function: as it contracts it propels blood into the circulation, involuntary control

Location: the walls of the heart

smooth muscle tissue

DESCRIPTION: spindle shaped cells, central nuclei; no striations, cells arranged closely to form sheets
FUNCTION: involuntary movements of internal organs
LOCATION: walls of hollow internal organs

simple squamous epithelium

simple squamous epithelium

simple cuboidal epithelium

simple cuboidal epithelium

simple cuboidal epithelium

simple cuboidal epithelium

simple cuboidal epithelium

simple cuboidal epithelium

simple columnar epithelium

simple columnar epithelium

simple columnar epithelium

simple columnar epithelium

simple columnar epithelium

simple columnar epithelium

simple columnar epithelium

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

stratified squamous epithelium

keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

stratified cuboidal epithelium

stratified cuboidal epithelium

stratified columnar epithelium

stratified columnar epithelium

stratified columnar epithelium

areolar connective tissue

areolar connective tissue

areolar connective tissue

areolar connective tissue

areolar connective tissue

adipose connective tissue

adipose connective tissue

adipose connective tissue

elastic cartilage

elastic cartilage

elastic cartilage

elastic cartilage

elastic cartilage

elastic cartilage

hyaline cartilage

hyaline cartilage

hyaline cartilage

bone (osseous tissue)

blood connective tissue

skeletal muscle tissue

skeletal muscle tissue

skeletal muscle tissue

skeletal muscle tissue

skeletal muscle tissue

cardiac muscle tissue

cardiac muscle tissue

cardiac muscle tissue

cardiac muscle tissue

cardiac muscle tissue

smooth muscle tissue

smooth muscle tissue

smooth muscle tissue

smooth muscle tissue

extracellular matrix

nonliving material in connective tissue consisting of ground substance and fibers that separate the living cells

mucous cell

cell type found in the stomach lining; secretes protective mucous.