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Origins of Modern World History (1500 to present) Quiz 2 terms.
Confessionalization
Confessions become enforced and becomes a part of social and political identity and belonging.
Martin Luther
Believed that the Bible was the only authority in the church.
John Eck
He believed that you should follow the authority of the Church Fathers.
John Calvin
He believed that God determined who would be eternally saved or condemned before all time, predestined.
Henry VII of England
He created the Anglican Church and made himself leader through the Act of supremacy to annul his marriage from Catherine of Aragon
Simony
Buying and selling church positions
Absenteeism
A bishop/ priest not living in the place they are appointed to serve
Pluralism
Holding more than one church position
Leo X
The Indulgence Pope, sold indulgences to raise funds for the construction of St.Peter’s Basilica in Rome.
Sola Fide
Justification by faith alone
Sola Scriptura
The bible is the only source of authority
Peace of Augsbrug
A treaty that ended religious conflict between Lutheranism and Catholicism in the Holy Roman Empire
Indulgences
Luther’s criticism that they sped the soul's trip to heaven.
95 Theses
A list of complaints published by Martin Luther
Excommunication
The act of officially excluding someone from participation in the sacraments and services of the Christian church
Papal Bull
A decree issued by the Pope of the Catholic Church that can give authority to excommunicate someone from the church
Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
He created a 15 year war in Germany because he was angered over having failed to achieve religious unity of his subjects after the Diet of Worms.
Diet of Worms
An imperial assembly where Emperor Charles V summoned Martin Luther to defend his religious teachings against accusations of heresy, but refused.
Edict of Worms
Condemned Luther as a heretic and banned the spread of his teachings.
Schmalkaldic League
A Protestant alliance of German cities and principalities that defended their interests against Catholic Emperor Charles V.
30 Years’ War
The most devastating war in Europe that started due to religious tensions between Catholics and Protestants within the Holy Roman Empire.
Elizabeth I of England
She completed the Reformation in England and made the Angelican Church permanently Protestant
Mary I of England
She persecuted Protestants and restored Catholic ideals
Inquisition
Established for the discovery and punishment of heresy.
Mudejares
Muslims who remained in Spain after the Christian reconquest of the Iberian Peninsula.
Moriscos
Muslims in medieval Spain that were forced to convert to Christianity or leave
Conversos
Jews who converted to Christianity in Spain
Rebellion of the Alpujarras
Revolts by Muslims against Catholic rulers
Capitalism
An economic system where private individuals own and control property and businesses
Joint-stock company
A company whose stock is owned together by the shareholders.
Nicolaus Copernicus
A Polish astronomer that theorized that other planets revolved around the sun
Galileo Galilei
Helped navigators find longitude at sea
Ptolemaic Universe
A geocentric model of the cosmos where Earth was at the center of the universe
Johannes Kelper
He helped calculate orbits, speeds, and distances of other planets relative to the sun
Issac Newton
He developed the laws of motion and universal gravitation through the use of other scientist’s works during his time
Louis XIV of France
He established an absolute monarchy and a strong centralized state
Catherine the Great of Russia
She helped modernize Russia through implementing legal reforms and promoting education as well as expanded the Russian Empire through territorial gains.
Habsburgs
A German-Austrian royal family who ruled Europe and was known for the Habsburgs jaw which was a result of inbreeding
Absolutism
A monarchical power that is unrestrained by all other institutions such as churches.
Peace of Westphalia
A series of treaties that ended the 30 Years’ War.
