Quiz 2 Terms

Origins of Modern World History (1500 to present) Quiz 2 terms.

Confessionalization

Confessions become enforced and becomes a part of social and political identity and belonging.

Martin Luther

Believed that the Bible was the only authority in the church.

John Eck

He believed that you should follow the authority of the Church Fathers.

John Calvin

He believed that God determined who would be eternally saved or condemned before all time, predestined.

Henry VII of England

He created the Anglican Church and made himself leader through the Act of supremacy to annul his marriage from Catherine of Aragon

Simony

Buying and selling church positions

Absenteeism

A bishop/ priest not living in the place they are appointed to serve

Pluralism

Holding more than one church position

Leo X

The Indulgence Pope, sold indulgences to raise funds for the construction of St.Peter’s Basilica in Rome.

Sola Fide

Justification by faith alone

Sola Scriptura

The bible is the only source of authority

Peace of Augsbrug

A treaty that ended religious conflict between Lutheranism and Catholicism in the Holy Roman Empire

Indulgences

Luther’s criticism that they sped the soul's trip to heaven.

95 Theses

A list of complaints published by Martin Luther

Excommunication

The act of officially excluding someone from participation in the sacraments and services of the Christian church

Papal Bull

A decree issued by the Pope of the Catholic Church that can give authority to excommunicate someone from the church

Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor

He created a 15 year war in Germany because he was angered over having failed to achieve religious unity of his subjects after the Diet of Worms.

Diet of Worms

An imperial assembly where Emperor Charles V summoned Martin Luther to defend his religious teachings against accusations of heresy, but refused.

Edict of Worms

Condemned Luther as a heretic and banned the spread of his teachings.

Schmalkaldic League

A Protestant alliance of German cities and principalities that defended their interests against Catholic Emperor Charles V.

30 Years’ War

The most devastating war in Europe that started due to religious tensions between Catholics and Protestants within the Holy Roman Empire.

Elizabeth I of England

She completed the Reformation in England and made the Angelican Church permanently Protestant

Mary I of England

She persecuted Protestants and restored Catholic ideals

Inquisition

Established for the discovery and punishment of heresy.

Mudejares

Muslims who remained in Spain after the Christian reconquest of the Iberian Peninsula.

Moriscos

Muslims in medieval Spain that were forced to convert to Christianity or leave

Conversos

Jews who converted to Christianity in Spain

Rebellion of the Alpujarras

Revolts by Muslims against Catholic rulers

Capitalism

An economic system where private individuals own and control property and businesses

Joint-stock company

A company whose stock is owned together by the shareholders.

Nicolaus Copernicus

A Polish astronomer that theorized that other planets revolved around the sun

Galileo Galilei

Helped navigators find longitude at sea

Ptolemaic Universe

A geocentric model of the cosmos where Earth was at the center of the universe

Johannes Kelper

He helped calculate orbits, speeds, and distances of other planets relative to the sun

Issac Newton

He developed the laws of motion and universal gravitation through the use of other scientist’s works during his time

Louis XIV of France

He established an absolute monarchy and a strong centralized state

Catherine the Great of Russia

She helped modernize Russia through implementing legal reforms and promoting education as well as expanded the Russian Empire through territorial gains.

Habsburgs

A German-Austrian royal family who ruled Europe and was known for the Habsburgs jaw which was a result of inbreeding

Absolutism

A monarchical power that is unrestrained by all other institutions such as churches.

Peace of Westphalia

A series of treaties that ended the 30 Years’ War.