Genetics Quiz

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24 Terms

1

Promoter region

The binding site for the lac repressor in E. coli.

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2

Introns

Non-coding regions in a gene that are not included in the final mRNA that is translated.

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3

Rosalind Franklin

Scientist known for her work on DNA x-ray diffraction, but was not awarded a Nobel Prize.

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4

Nitrogenous bases

The sequence in DNA that determines the order of amino acids in proteins.

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5

tRNA

Transport RNA required for protein synthesis but not for transcription.

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6

Epigenetic modification

A change in gene expression caused by mechanisms other than changes in the DNA sequence, such as methylation.

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7

Metaphase

The stage in mitosis where chromosomes align in the middle of the cell.

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8

Frameshift mutation

A mutation caused by the insertion or deletion of nucleotides, altering the reading frame of the genetic message.

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9

Lac operon

A set of genes related to lactose metabolism that is turned on in the presence of lactose.

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10

microRNA (miRNA)

Small RNA molecules that bind to mRNA to regulate gene expression.

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11

Transcription factors

Proteins that bind to specific DNA sequences to regulate transcription initiation.

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12

Ribosomes

Cellular structures composed of RNA and protein responsible for protein synthesis.

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13

Hydrogen bonds

The forces holding the two strands of the DNA double helix together.

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14

Zygote

The fertilized egg with a diploid chromosome number, one set from each parent.

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15

Transcription

The process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA template.

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16

RNA polymerase

The enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template during transcription.

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17

Eukaryotes

Organisms whose cells have a nucleus enclosed within membranes.

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18

Three-nucleotide sequences

The 'words' of the genetic code that specify amino acids.

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19

Central Dogma

The process in molecular biology that describes the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein.

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20

siRNAs (small interfering RNAs)

Short RNA molecules that regulate gene expression by turning off specific genes.

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21

Codons

Three-nucleotide sequences in mRNA that encode for individual amino acids.

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22

Hox genes

Genes that control the body plan of an embryo along the head-tail axis, known for their evolutionary conservation across species.

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23

Lac operon (Escherichia coli)

Regulates lactose-utilizing enzymes; expressed when lactose is present.

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24

RNA interference (RNAi)

A biological process in which RNA molecules inhibit gene expression or translation.

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