top hat chapter 3

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21 Terms

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Morphological Trees

Diagrams that represent the internal structure of words, often referred to as word trees.

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Morpheme

The smallest grammatical unit in a language; it can be a word or a part of a word.

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Free Morpheme

A morpheme that can stand alone as a word.

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Affixation

The process of adding a prefix or suffix to a base word to create new words or grammatical forms.

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Allomorph

Different phonetic forms of a morpheme that have the same meaning.

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Derivational Affix

An affix that changes the meaning or syntactic category of a base word.

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Inflectional Affix

An affix that modifies a word to express different grammatical categories.

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Compounding

The process of combining two or more free morphemes to form a new word.

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Endocentric Compound

A compound whose meaning is based on the head of the compound, typically the rightmost element.

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Exocentric Compound

A compound whose meaning is not derived from the head, making it unpredictable.

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Reduplication

A morphological process that involves repeating a whole or part of a morpheme to create new words.

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Zero Derivation

A process where a word changes its syntactic category without any morphological change in its form.

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Clipping

A process that shortens a word by deleting one or more syllables.

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Blending

Creating new words from parts of two existing words.

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Backformation

The process of creating a new word by removing a supposed affix from an existing word.

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Acronyms

Words formed from the initial letters of a series of words, pronounced as a single word.

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Initialisms

Abbreviated forms of phrases, pronounced by saying each letter individually.

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Coinage

The creation of entirely new words that did not previously exist.

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Eponymy

Words that are derived from the names of people.

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Internal Change

A morphological process involving the substitution of a non-morphemic element with another to create grammatical distinctions.

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Suppletion

The phenomenon where an inflected form of a word is replaced with an unrelated morpheme.