Kinesiology Exam III

levator scapulae

origin: transverse processes of C1-C4

insertion: medial border of scapula superior to spine

action: elevates and adducts scapula

Rhomboids

Origin: Spinous processes of C7-T5

Insertion: Medial border of the scapula

Action: retraction, elevation, downward rotation

serratus anterior

-Origin: fleshy slips from the outer surface of upper 8 or 9 ribs
-Insertion: costal aspect of medial margin of the scapula
-*Actions*: protracts and stabilizes scapula, assists in upward rotation.

pectoralis major

O- (Cl portion – medial 1/3 of clavicle) – (St portion –
sternum and 1st 6 ribs)
I- lateral lip of bicipital groove
A- Adduction, internal rotation, horizontal adduction (Cl
-1st 60 of flex) (st – 1st 60 of ext)

pectoralis minor

O – anterior surface, ribs 3-5
I – coracoid process
A – depression, downward rotation, scapular tilt

elbow carrying angle

males: 5-8 degrees, females 10-15 degrees

Brachialis

O – Distal ½ of
anterior humerus
I – coronoid process
and ulnar tuberosity
of ulna
A – Elbow Flexion

Brachioradialis

O- lateral
supracondylar ridge
of humerus
I – Styloid process
of radius
A – Elbow Flexion

biceps brachii

O – Long head – supraglenoid tubercle, Short head – coracoid process
I – radial tuberosity of radius
A – Elbow flexion – assists in shoulder flexion, helps in supination (bicep curl)

triceps brachii

 O – Long head – infraglenoid tubercle, Lateral head – inferior to greater tubercle on posterior humerus, Medial head – posterior ½ of humerus
 I- Olecranon process of ulna
 A – Elbow Extension

Anconeus

Origin: Lateral Epicondyle

Insertion: Lateral surface of the olecranon process and posterior surface of ulna

Action: Extension of Elbow, keeps annular ligament from being pinched, does not allow radius and ulna to rotate in ext.

Innervation: Radial Nerve

supinator

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus & trochlear notch of ulna

Insertion: anterior surface of proximal radius

Action: Supinates forearm

pronator teres

origin: medial epicondyle of humerus & coronoid process of ulna

insertion: lateral aspect of radius

action: pronates forearm and assists in elbow flexion

flexor carpi ulnaris

Origin: Medial epicondyle of the humerus

Insertion: 5th metacarpal (pisiform)

Action: Flexes the hand, ulnar deviation

palmaris longus

origin: medial epicondyle of humerus
insertion: palmar fascia
action: flexes wrist

flexor carpi radialis

Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: Bases of second and third metacarpal bones
Action: Flexion and abduction at wrist

extensor carpi radialis longus

Origin: lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus

Insertion: base of metacarpal II

Action: extends and abducts hand

extensor carpi radialis brevis

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus

Insertion: Base of third metacarpal bone

Action: Extension and abduction at wrist

extensor carpi ulnaris

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of the humerus

Insertion: 5th metacarpal

Action: Extends the hand

flexor digitorum superficialis

origin: medial epicondyle of the humerus

insertion: digits 2-5

action: flexes digits 2-5

flexor digitorum profundus

Origin upper 3/4 of the anterior and medial surfaces of the body of the ulna,

Insertion base of the distal phalanges of the fingers

Actions flex hand and both interphalangeal joints

flexor pollicis longus

Origin: Anterior surface of radius, and interosseous membrane

Insertion: Distal phalanx of thumb

Action: Flexes thumb

abductor pollicis longus

Origin: Posterior surface of middle of radius, ulna, and interosseous membrane

Insertion: Base of 1st metacarpal bone

Action: Abduction and extension of thumb at CMC and radial deviation of wrist

extensor pollicis longus

Origin Middle third of posterior surface of ulna, interosseous membrane
Insertion thumb, distal phalanx
Actions extension of the thumb (metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal)

extensor pollicis brevis

Origin: Posterior surface of middle of radius and interosseous membrane

Insertion: Base of 1st proximal phalanx

Action: Extension of thumb & radially deviate wrist

extensor digitorum

origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus

insertion: digits 2-5

action: extends digits 2-5

flexor pollicis brevis

Origin trapezium, flexor retinaculum

Insertion thumb, proximal phalanx

Actions Flexes the thumb at the first metacarpophalangeal joint

abductor pollicis brevis

Origin: Scaphoid, trapezium, and Flexor Retinaculum

Insertion: Base of proximal phalanx of thumb

Action: Abduction of thumb

Opponens Pollicis

Origin: Flexor retinaculum and trapezium

Insertion: Lateral side of 1st metacarpal

Action: Moves thumb across palm to meet little finger (opposition) at CMC

adductor pollicis

Origin capitate, base of 2nd MC, palmar surface of 3rd MC

Insertion base of proximal phalanx

Actions adducts the thumb at the carpometacarpal joint

Dorsal Interossei

attaches to sides of MC

action: abducts fingers

Palmar Interossei

attaches to sides of MC

action: adducts fingers (not middle finger)

lumricales

origin: flexor tendon

intertion: extensor tendon

Action: flex the MCP while extending the PIP and DIP of 2-5

Flexor Digiti Minimi

-Origin: hook of the hamate and flexor retinaculum

-Insertion: proximal phalanx of fifth digit

-Function: flexion of MCP joint and opposition of the fifth digit

abductor digiti minimi

"Origin: Pisiform and tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris"

"Insertion: Medial side of proximal phalanx of 5th finger"

"Action: Abducts fifth finger"

Opponens Digiti Minimi

origin: hook of hamate, flexor retinaculum

insertion: 5th MC

Action: opposes 5th CMC

Colles fracture

fracture where radius will shift anteriorly, arm looks like they are waving

Smith Fracture

radius will shift posteriorly

carpal tunnel syndrome

compression of the median nerve due to inflammation as it passes between the ligament and the bones and tendons of the wrist

pain with flexion, numbness in thumb 2nd & 3rd finger

DeQuarvian's Syndrome

inflammation in synovial sheath surrounding tendon
test by making fist with thumbs in, hold in functional position then flex fists, pain will be along lat. forearm

Gamekeeper's thumb

typically caused by catching incorrectly

hyperextension of thumb, tear of UCL

Trigger finger

causes fingers to stay flexed (typically 3rd & 4th)

inflammation catches tendon which keeps them flexed

Dupuytren's contracture

all flexors in digitorum flexed and caught in this position

Mallet Finger

end of finger bent into flexion due to torn extensor tendon

can try to brace in extension to try to heal/scar in normal position

Jersey Finger

inability to flex finger due to flexor tendon tear

Neck Flexion AROM

80-90 chin to chest

Neck Extension AROM

70 level of chin and jaw to head

Lateral Neck Extension

20-45 trap can be connected, try not to let pt. allow trapezius to rise to get more ROM

Neck Rotation AROM

70-90 nose to shoulder

Trunk Flexion AROM

looking for arch in back

Trunk Extension AROM

extension of back without bringing hips forward

Lateral Trunk Bending AROM

fingertips to mid knee joint considered normal

Trunk Rotation AROM

back shoulder to front shoulder

Sternocleidomastoid

origin: sternum and clavicle

insertion: mastoid process

action: bilaterally-flexes neck and hyperextends head unilaterally-laterally bends the neck and rotates head to opposite side

Splenius Capitus

origin: vertebrae C7-T6, ligamentum nuchae
insertion: mastoid process, occipital bone
action: bilaterally-extend head and neck, unilaterally-rotate and laterally flex to same side

Splenius Cervicis

origin: spinous process of T3-T6

insertion: transverse process of C1-C3

action: bilaterally-extend neck, unilaterally-rotate and laterally flex to same side

rectus abdominis

origin: pubic bone

insertion: costal cartilage of ribs and xiphoid process

action: compresses abdomen and trunk flexion

external obliques

Origin: Lower 8 ribs

Insertion: Iliac breast and linea alba

action: bilaterally-trunk flexion and compression of abdomen, unilaterally-lateral bending and rotation to opposite side

internal obliques

Origin: iliac crest, inguinal ligament and lumbar fascia

Insertion: 10th to 12th ribs and rectus sheath

Action: bilaterally-trunk flexion and compression of abdomen, unilaterally-lateral bending and rotation to same side

transverse abdominis

Origin: inguinal ligament, iliac crest, cartilages of last five or six ribs, and lumbar fascia

Insertion: linea alba and pubic crest

Action: compression of abdomen

erector spinae

origin: spinous processes, transverse processes, posterior ribs

insertion: spinous processes, transverse processes, post. ribs

action: bilaterally-extend neck and trunk, unilaterally- laterally bend neck and trunk

transversospinalis group

origin: transverse provesses

insertion: spinous processes of vertebrae above

action: bilaterally-extend neck and trunk, unilaterally-rotate neck and trunk to opposite side

quadrates lumborum

origin: iliac crest

insertion: lumbar transverse processes and 12th rib

action: extends and laterally flexes the lumbar region of spine; can also raise the hip

rotator cuff muscles

SITS
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres Minor
Subscapularis

scapulohumeral rhythm

The first 30 degrees is purely GH joint motion. After than, for every 2 degrees of shoulder flexion or abduction that occurs, the scapula must upwardly rotate 1 degree; 2:1 ratio

Full abduction of the glenohumeral joint

glide and roll inferiorly of humeral head (lats, Teres major and minor) and externally rotate (teres minor and infraspinatus)