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Wave motion
Mean of transferring energy without transfer of matter
Wavefront
imaginary line joining crests (or troughs)
Ray
Direction of wave travel
Wavelength
Distance between 2 adjacent crests (or troughs)
Mean position
Where the particles would lie if they were at rest
Amplitude
Maximum displacement from mean position
Frequency
Number of oscillations on a point per unit time
1/t
Time period
time for one oscillation/ one cycle
1/f
Speed
distance covered per unit time
v= f * wavelength
Graph displacement against distance
1 cycle= wavelength
Graph displacement against time
1 cycle= time period
Refraction
deep —> less deep = towards normal
less deep —> deep = away from normal
Transverse Waves
Direction of vibrations perpendicular to energy flow
Example: electromagnetic waves
Has Crests and Troughs
Longitudinal Waves
Direction of vibrations parallel to energy flow
Example: sound and ultrasound waves
Has Compressions and Rarefactions
Compression
High particle density
Higher air pressure
Rarefactions
Low particle density
Lower air pressure
Note 
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