chapter 4 physics vocabulary

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21 words

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21 Terms

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acceleration
the rate at which the velocity of an object changes.
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force
a push or pull exerted on an object; has both direction and magnitude and may be a contact or field force
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system
object or objects of interest that can interact with each other and the external world
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free-body diagram
a physical model that represents the forces acting on a system
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net force
the vector sum of all the forces on an object
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Newton's second law
states that the acceleration of an object is proportional to the net force and inversely proportional to the mass of the object being accelerated
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Newton's first law
states that an object at rest will remain at rest and a moving object will continue moving in a straight line with constant speed, if and only if the net force acting on that object is zero
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inertia
the tendency of an object to resist changes in velocity
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equilibrium
the condition in which the net force on an object is zero
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viscosity
a fluid's resistance to flowing
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weight
the gravitational force experienced by an object
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gravitational field
a vector quantity that relates the mass of an object to the gravitational force it experiences at a given location; represented by the symbol
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apparent weight
the support force acting on an object
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weightlessness
an object's apparent weight of zero that results when there are no contact forces supporting the object
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drag force
the force exerted by a fluid on an object that opposes the object's motion through the fluid; depends on the object's motion and properties and the fluid's properties
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terminal velocity
the constant velocity of an object that is reached when the drag force equals the force of gravity
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symmetry
correspondence of parts on opposite sides of a dividing line
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interaction pair
a pair of forces that are equal in strength but opposite in direction and act on different objects
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Newton's third law
states that all forces come in pairs and that the two forces in a pair act on different objects, are equal in strength, and are opposite in direction
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tension
the specific name for the force exerted by a rope or a string
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normal force
the perpendicular contact force exerted by a surface on an object