KIN 1304 FIN

T/F: The ecological model identifies the various levels of factors that influence personal health. These levels include individual factors, relationships, community, and societal factors.

True

According to the ecological model, several levels of influence affect your personal health. Which of the following factors would be on an individiual or personal level?

Age

Which of the following is NOT a health-related behavior choice?

Having access to a company gym

Why is the Stages of Change Model often presented as a spiral?

Because relapse is common and you may go through each stage more than once

Which of the following would NOT be considered a clinical trial?

a study looking at the effects of a new drug on tumors in mice

Which of the following would be considered an aspect of physical health, as defined by the WHO?

Cardiovascular Disease

Which of the following factors would NOT fall into to the community level of the ecological model?

a person's skill set

Which of the following is NOT a component of the WHO definition of health?

Environmental

Lauren has a caffeine dependency. She has recently noticed that it is detrimentally affecting her sleep and overall quality of life. After researching the most effective way to break the addiction, she has decided to go cold turkey and stop consuming all caffeine production. It has been 3 days since her last cup of coffee, and she is already noticing positive changes in her sleep quality. According to the Stages of Change Model, which stage is Lauren currently in?

Action

Health is often viewed as a continuum between premature death and complete well-being.

False

Which of the following statements about public health is incorrect?

Public Health is the study of the health of an individual

Which of the following would be considered the most reliable source of health information?

a medical doctor giving you a health recommendation based on a new study published by the New England Journal of Medicine

T/F:The Health Belief Model acknowledges that people often are ambivalent toward behaviors change and presents behavior change as a process, rather than a one-step solution.

False

If you are trying to quit smoking, which of the following would be considered a perceived barrier to your behavior change, according to the Health Belief Model?

Your uncle and grandfather passed away from lung cancer

T/F: A family health tree should be shared with your health provider.

True

T/F: An autosomal recessive disorder requires only one copy of a mutated gene for a disorder to be present.

False

Alternative forms of the same gene are called:

Alleles

A(n) _____________________ can help an individual and his or her family evaluate risk for a specific disease, learn about the diagnostic test available, discuss treatment options, and consider the possible consequences of the test.

Genetic counselor

Deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA, includes which of the following?

Four types of nucleotide bases

Genetic disorders caused by multiple genes interacting with the environment are called:

Multifactorial

Mackenzie is a newborn infant who shows symptoms of cystic fibrosis. Her parents have her tested to confirm whether she has the disease. Mackenzie had what type of test performed on her?

Diagnostic

The ___________________ was launched in 1990, as scientists organized to discuss plans to map and sequence human genetic information.

Human Genome Project

T/F: The most relevant information from a family health tree includes major diseases as well as age and cause of death.

True

The practice of controlling a group's reproductive choices, in an attempt to improve the human species, is called:

Eugenics

T/F:

If a disease has a genetic link, it usually occurs more frequently among first-degree relatives of a person with the illness than it does in the general population.

True

When an individual shows signs of an illness, a(n) _________________ test may help confirm or exclude the possibility of certain diseases.

Diagnostic

T/F: Prenatal screening prevents genetic diseases.

False

A test designed to look for a gene associated with an autosomal recessive disorder

T/F:A family health tree is also called a genogram or a genetic pedigree.

True

In a(n) _____________, an entire chromosome may be added, lost, or altered.

Chromosomal disorder

Positive things we must adapt to = "good stress"

Eustress

The outlook that tends to view problems as temporary and specific is called ________.

Optimism

The basic premise of Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory is that people will pursue their highest potential when:

Their basic needs are met.

T/F: The brain is fully developed by the time a child reaches puberty.

False

The stress response itself can become damaging when people live in a state of _______ stress.

Chronic

People with this quality tend to see problems as temporary and specific.

Optimism

Which part of the brain activates the stress response?

Cerebral cortex

The stress response is a series of ____________ that occur in the face of a threat.

Physiological changes

Which of the following is most strongly associated with mental health?

Optimism

The ability to bounce back from an adverse event is known as:

Resilience

Which of the following statements display "hardiness?"

"My new professor is difficult, but I know that if I work hard enough I'll learn a lot from her."

T/F: One way to fight illness is to induce the relaxation response during moments of stress.

True

Mentally healthy people tend to have:

High self-esteem

What bodily changes are associated with the sympathetic nervous system's response during stress?

Metabolism increases

Which of the following statements about the association between sleep and health is FALSE?

Good nutrition and exercise are more important to a healthy lifestyle than sleep.

T/F: Restoration and growth take place during the deepest sleep stages.

True

Having an irregular sleep schedule, as most students do, can disrupt sleep and throw off your internal _________________ clock

Biological

T/F: With advancing age, people experience reduction of slow-wave sleep, increased stage one sleep, and reduction of total REM sleep.

True

Sleep _____________ is a condition characterized by nonbreathing periods during sleep.

Apnea

Rare condition in which the brain fails to regulate the diaphragm and other breathing mechanisms correctly

Central sleep apnea

Sleep disorders associated with difficulty in falling asleep or staying asleep or excessive sleepiness are labeled ________________.

Dyssomnias

T/F: Melatonin is naturally secreted by the pineal gland in response to darkness; it lowers body temperature and causes drowsiness.

True

Sleep disorders in which psychological functioning or behavior during sleep is disturbed

Parasomnias

T/F: Although dreams may occur in all stages of sleep, they generally happen in stages three and four of NREM sleep.

False

Sleep ____________ is the difference between the amount of sleep attained and the amount of sleep needed in order to maintain alert wakefulness during the daytime.

Debt

Light alerts the biological clock to cease secreting _________________, a hormone that promotes sleep.

Melatonin

Characterized by periods of binge eating while asleep

Nocturnal eating disorder

T/F: Typically, an individual experiences one sleep cycle each night.

False

The daily 24-hour cycle of physiological and behavioral functioning is called the __________________ rhythm.

Circadian

Which of the following statements about protein is NOT correct?

Protein is made up of 20 essential amino acids

T/F: Trans fats are produced through the process of hydrogenation and pose a great health risk. Trans fats should be avoided, as much as possible. The state of California has even banned the use of trans fats in restaurants completely.

True

Which of the following is the correct description of the Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA)?

quantity of each nutrient to meet the needs of most healthy people

T/F: If a nutrient is essential, it means that the body cannot manufacture it. Thus, it must be included in the diet to ensure that the body gets everything it needs to function properly.

True

Which of the following statements about water is correct?

Drinking adequate amounts of water can help replenish electrolyte stores and maintain fluid balance

T/F: The most important consideration for intake of omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids is the ratio in which they are consumed. In general, Americans consume too much Omega 6, and not enough Omega 3.

True

Which of the following is not a category of the Dietary Reference Intake?

Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range

Which of the following is NOT a purpose of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans?

to provide information on intake of specific nutrients for health and wellness

T/F:

Reading the nutrition facts is a helpful way to determine the quality of the food you consume. Some important thing to look at are serving size, calories per serving, and calories from fat. Also, you should aim to limit consumption of fiber, protein, and sugar, while increasing intake of sodium, vitamins, and minerals.

False

Which of the following statements about carbohydrates is NOT correct?

Carbohydrates contain 9 calorie per gram

The AMDR for dietary fat is 20-35%. What do these numbers mean?

If you consume 2,000 calories per day, 400-700 calories should come from fat sources

Which of the following statements about calories is NOT correct?

Carbohydrates are the most calorie dense macronutrient

T/F: The water-soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K cannot be dissolved in water, so excess is stored in fat tissue. If intake is too high, toxicity can occur over time.

False

Which of the following food is NOT considered a carbohydrate?

a slice of cheese

T/F:

Carbohydrates should make up 45-65% of your total caloric intake each day. You should focus on consuming complex carbohydrates, which include more vitamins, minerals, and fiber than simpe or refined carbohydrates. Some examples of complex carbohydrates include brown rice, fruits and vegetables, and whole grain breads and pastas.

True

Which of the following statements about complex carbohydrates is correct?

The usually contain a high amount of vitamins, minerals, and protein

Which of the following is not a macronutrient?

Vitamins

T/F: If a nutrient is essential, it means that the body cannot manufacture it. Thus, it must be included in the diet to ensure that the body gets everything it needs to function properly.

True

Which of the following tips can help you incorporate more physical activity into your daily life?

All of these

Which of the following would NOT be considered a component of Health-related Fitness?

All of these are components of Health-related Fitness

Which of the following components of the acronym FITT is incorrect?

Intervals

T/F: If you want to increase your muscular strength, you should focus on lifting heavy weights with fewer repetitions.

True

T/F: Walking 5,000 steps per day is roughly equal to 5 miles and can help you maintain a healthy body composition by burning 300-400 extra calories per day.

False

T/F: The maximun amount of weight you can bench press one time (1 rep max) would be a measure of muscular strength.

True

T/F: Muscular strength can be measured by the number of pushups you can complete.

False

T/F: Regular physical activity prevents or slows the decline in cognitive functioning that is associated with aging.

True

Which of the following would NOT be considered a component of skill-related fitness

Muscular Strength

Which type of stretching incorporates a series of bouncing movements designed to increase joint range of motion?

Ballistic Stretching

T/F: Muscular Endurance can be measured by the number of situps you can complete.

True

T/F: Short-term exercise interventions have been consistently shown to improve cognitive function.

False

Physical Activity is defined as:

any type of activity that requires movement

T/F: Currently, most adults, including college students, living in the US get the recommended amount of daily and weekly physical activity.

False

Women are physiologically unable to gain as much muscle mass as men. Why is this?

Women have lower levels of testosterone, which influences muscle growth

T/F: Vaness has a body fat percentage of 25, which falls into the healthy range of body fat for females.

True

Which of the following statements about weight loss is INCORRECT?

In order to lose 2 pounds per week, you must achieve a daily calorie deficit of 500 calories per day.

Epidemiological data indicates that obesity is associated with all of the following, except:

Breast cancer

According to the most recent statistics, which of the following is correct?

Two-thirds of American adults are overweight

Jack wants to lose weight. He has decided to set some physical activity goals to help him achieve the weight loss. He is a full-time student during the day and also works 4-5 evenings as a server at a popular restaurant, so he doesn't have much free time to schedule formal workouts. Which of the following goals would not be considered SMART goals?

Despite his busy schedule, Jack wants to try to exericse for at least an hour 6 days a week. He plans to buys a membership at a gym across town.