Studied by 3 people
what is the most important layer of the stomach wall
submucosa
is the layer of strength
holding layer
if you dont open it up you dont need to suture it
if you open you have to suture it together
what influences the gastric axis
liver size
what happens if the liver is small
the stomach goes to the left
what happens if the liver is too big
the stomach shifts to the right
what view are we looking at
left lateral view
dog is laying on their left side so the right side will be higher
fluid in fundus
gas in pylorus (higher up because its on the right side)
what side is the spleen on
left side
is this left or right lateral view
right lateral view
laying on their right side
gas in fundus (higher up because its on the left side)
fluid in pylorus
when does gas rise
it rises to the highest point
CASE
7yr old FS Great dane
retching in the back yard
weak and collapsed
bloated abdomen
poor pulses in rear limbs
shocky
GDV
gastric dilation-volvulus
what does retching mean
trying to vomit but it cant
describe GDV gastric dilatation volvulus
always does a clockwise rotation
pyloris starts to move left dorsal
the stomach tissue starts to die from severe bloating and gas can not escape
what is going on in the xray
gdv
what does the greater omentum do
its an organ
its the policemen of the abdomen
if there is a problem greater omentum will go to the spot
can drain certain areas
finds problems like tumors and sticks to it
what happens to the gastric vessels when theres a GDV
gastrosplenic ligament causes stomach to drag the spleen as it twists
short gastric vessels can rupture and bleed
blood supply to spleen and greater curvature of the stomach can become compromised
describe gastroplexy
suture the serosa and muscularis of the pyloric antrum to the right side of the body wall
submucosa and mucosa are not incised
describe the anatomy of the liver
6 lobes
3 divisions
left
central
right
what divides the liver between right medial and quadrate lobes
gallbladder
which is the biggest liver lobe
left lateral lobe
responsibilites of the celiac-hepatic artery
20% of blood flow
80% of the oxygenated blood supply
responsibilites for the portal vein
80% of blood flow
20% of the oxygenated blood supply
what drains into the portal system
pancreas
spleen
gi tract
what does the liver do
metabolize
detoxify
are there branches to the vena cava in front of the kidneys
no
what is part of the extrahepatic biliary system
gallbladder
stores bile
cystic duct
hepatic duct
comes from the liver and biles go through
common bile duct
duodenal papilla
also called sphincter of oddi
terminal portion of the common bile duct
CASE
1yr F Yorkie
runt of the litter
becomes lethargic
stares at walls after eating
had a seizure a week ago
acts drunk
eats and falls over
portosystemic shunt
liver isn’t used to the amount of blood flow and go into shock and die if too fast
you have to slowly shunt it down
common in toy breed dogs
yorkies
maltese
min schnauzers
low protein diet
what are the different shunts in a portosystemic shunt
an extra vessel
blood doesn’t pass through the portal system
portal to caval shunt
toxic materials into systemic materials
whats important about the duodenocolic ligament
makes it a consistent shape
holds the descending duodemun to the dorsal body wall right side
easy to resect and mobilize the duodenum
describe the blood supply of the duodenum
tied to the pancreas
not forgiving
segmental blood supply
cranial and caudal pancreaticoduodenal
difficult to resect duodenum
is the jejunum held down by anything
no
it is very loose
has mesentery that has several blood supply that is forgiving archietict
how can you tell the difference between ileum and jejunum
ileum is very shorts and it has a antimesentric vessel that sits on the top
it also terminates at the ileocecocolic junction
describe the colon
it has segmental blood supply compared to the small intestine
not very forgiving
if you resect you have to take from small branches not the big ones
where are the anal sacs located
in between internal and external anal sphincter
CASE
6yr MN yorkie
scooting frequently
odor around rectum
enlarged anal sacs
anal gland abscess
if its happens often you can take out the anal glands
CASE
5 yr old male boxer
straining to defecate
produces ribbon like stools
bilateral perineal hernia
perineal hernia
pelvic muscles have weakened and ruptured
his abdominal structures are moving to the back
pelvic diaphragm reduces pressure to defecate
what are the three muscles that hold the pelvic diaphragm in place and form a pelvic wall
external anal spincter
levator ani
coccygeus muscle
what are the arteries and innervation in the perineal
caudal rectal nerve and artery
pudendal nerve and internal pudendal artery
what are some major concerns with herniation
urinary bladder retroflexion
small intestinal loop strangulation
loose pelvic diaphragm
happens with presence of androgen weakens these muscles
how to fix herinas
internal obturator muscle transposition
restructer the pelvic diaphragm
neuter them
females not so common but it will be if they have given birth multiple times
describe what forms the inguinal canal
external abdominal oblique- external ring cranial border
internal abdominal oblique- internal ring cranial border
rectus abdominus- medially
connective tissue
vaginal process- spermatic cord in males
external pudenal artery and vein
genitofemoral nerve
cremaster muscle (males)
round ligament (females)
inguinal ligament- laterally
what hernia doesnt have a hernia sac
traumatic hernias
describe umbilical hernia
cogenital/ typically inherited
failure of fusion of the rectus abdominis muscle at the umbilicus
usually falciform fat herniates through
if large enough intestine can herniate
what is inside the inguinal canal
connective tissue
vaginal process- spermatic cord in males
external pudenal artery and vein
genitofemoral nerve
cremaster muscle (males)
round ligament (females)
Note
Flashcard