Tudors 1.1 - Henry VII's consolidation of power (A-level history)

22nd August 1485

When was the Battle of Bosworth?

21st August 1485 (the day before the battle of Bosworth)

From when did Henry VII date his reign?

Came through his mother, Margaret Beaufort, the granddaughter of John of Gaunt.

What was Henry VII's claim to the throne?

Came through John of Gaunt's third wife, whose son, John Beaufort, was seen as illegitimate; Was passed through his mother, Margaret Beaufort (not his father).

Why was Henry's claim to the throne seen as weak?

Margaret Beaufort and Edward Tudor (died before he was born)

Who were Henry's parents?

His uncle, Jasper Tudor

Who brought Henry up?

He became shrewd and distrustful and not as complacent as some of the monarchs that came before him. The wasn't raised to rule but had not been sheltered from the world.

How did Henry's time in exile benefit him?

Son of Edward IV's brother and had a strong Yorkist claim to the throne. Executed in 1499 for allegedly liaising with Perkin Warbeck in 1499.

Who was the Earl of Warwick?

Close confidant of Henry VII until his execution in 1495 after he betrayed the king. Was Lord Chamberlain until this point and proclaimed Henry king at Bosworth.

Who was Sir William Stanley?

30th October 1485, one week before his first parliament.

When was Henry's coronation?

Issued 11 knighthoods, rewarded them with recognition and titles.

How did Henry retain the support of those who had fought with him at Bosworth?

Issued Acts of Attainder to Yorkists who had fought against him.

How did Henry try to nullify the Yorkist threat directly after Bosworth?

Laws that could declare someone guilty of treason without trial. They would lose their lands and titles - and sometimes their heads. This had the added benefit of bolstering the royal coffers.

What were Acts of Attainder?

January 1486

When did Henry marry Elizabeth of York?

Elizabeth was the daughter of Edward VI, a Yorkist monarch. Their marriage represented the union of warring houses and signified the end of the Wars of the Roses.

Why did Henry marry Elizabeth of York?

September 1489

When was Prince Arthur born?

Easter, 1486

When was the Lovell Rebellion?

Humphrey Stafford and Viscount Lovell tried to raise a rebellion in the North riding of Yorkshire. The revolt was easily subdued as the conspirators overestimated the amount of support that would be given to the cause. Lovell escaped, but Stafford was captured and executed.

.What happened in the Lovell Rebellion?

1487

When was the Lambert Simnel Conspiracy?

Edward, Earl of Warwick

Who did Lambert Simnel impersonate?

John de la Pole

Who organised the Lambert Simnel conspiracy?

Henry had the real Earl of Warwick locked in the tower and displayed him in London to debunk Simnel's claim.

How did Henry subdue the Lambert Simnel Conspiracy?

1487

When was the Battle of Stoke Field?

Margaret of Burgundy offered her support to Simnel's claim and sent mercenaries to England to fight Henry's armies. Henry won.

Why did the Battle of Stoke Field happen?

It was Henry's first major victory since Bosworth and further asserted his capabilities as a monarch.

Why was the battle of Stoke field so significant?

A cloth trader from Flanders who pretended to be Richard, Duke of York (one of the Princes in the Tower) from 1491-9)

Who was Perkin Warbeck?

After spells in Ireland and France, Warbeck made his way to Margaret of Burgundy who trained him and garnered the support of English courtiers, including that of Henry's Lord Chamberlain, William Stanley. He landed in England in 1495, but Henry had spies who had infiltrated his retinue and he was quickly defeated, fleeing to Scotland.

What was Warbeck's first invasion attempt?

In 1496, a small Scottish force crossed the border on Warbeck's behalf but quickly retreated. England and Scotland geared up to war but this was averted by the Truce of Ayton the following year and the Treaty of Perpetual Peace in 1501, which negotiated the marriage of James and Henry's daughter, Margaret. James had no need for Warbeck any more and he fled once more.

What was Warbeck's second invasion attempt?

In 1497, he tried to exploit the chaos of the Cornish Rebellion but was defeated. He was allowed to live in the Tower for two years, but was executed in 1499 after an alleged escape attempt with the Earl of Warwick.

What was Warbeck's third invasion attempt?

Duke of Suffolk and Yorkist claimant to the throne. Flitted between various European governments but was handed back to England following the Treaty of Windsor in 1506. Executed by Henry VIII in 1513.

Who was Edmund de la Pole?

Yorkist claimant to the throne who spent his life in exile and was killed ighting for French forces in the Battle of Pavia in 1525.

Who was Richard de la Pole?