GEN BIO 4TH QUARTER REVIEWER

All of the following bases found in DNA except?

• Uracil

The following is the base sequence on one strand of a DNA molecule: AATGCCAGTGGT is

• TTACGGTCACCA

Which pair is a complementary base pair?

• C-G

The variable portion of DNA is the sequence of ___

• Bases

Double helical model of DNA was proposed by ______

• James Watson and Francis Crick

Geological Time Scale wherein Earth's atmosphere is composed of 20% oxygen, 10% carbon dioxide, 5-7% hydrogen sulfide, methane and other gases.

• Formation of earth's crust and ocean

Refers to the time when Eukaryotic cells evolved when one simple cell engulfed another, and the two lived together , more or less amicably - an example of “endosymbiosis”

• Appearance of the First Eukaryotes

This hypothesis suggests life began on Earth when the “seeds” of life, already present in the universe, arrived here from space?

• Panspermia

These hypotheses said that life did not begin on the surface instead in the porosity of its crust?

• Deep Hot Biosphere Hypothesis

True regarding evolution

• Evolution describes changes over many generations

He wanted to demonstrate that evolution took place by showing how geography influenced the current distribution of species?

• Alfred Wallace

What is meant by the Cambrian explosion? Is it the explosion of ______?

• Life

Why would there be no fossils found from before vertebrate evolution?

• Soft-bodied organisms decay easier, no hard parts to fossilize

What two animals have homologous bone structures to humans?

• Bats and Whale

Which of the following is not a requirement for Natural Selection?

• Adaptation

In the RNA of humans, Adenine pairs with _____

• Uracil

Any change in the allele frequencies in a population due to random sampling.

• Genetic Drift

He is considered the father of biogeography

• Alfred Russel Wallace

It is the result of migrating individuals that breed in a new location

• Gene Flow

It explains that life on Earth comes from the precursors of life present in outer space.

• Panspermia

Characteristic of Life

• Cellular Complexity

• Growth and Development

• Reproduction

• Irritability

• Homeostasis

Ca 3.5 BYA

• Oldest geological evidence of life

Ca 3.0 BYA

• Propagation of cyano bacteria

Ca. 2.0 BYA

• Appearance of First Eukaryote

Ca 1.2 BYA

• Influx of multicellular organism

Geological Time Scale wherein Earth's atmosphere is composed of 20% oxygen, 10% carbon dioxide, 5-7% hydrogen sulfide, methane and other gases.

• Formation of earth's crust and ocean

• usually happens when a gene mutates or changes by accident

Adaptation

is the long-term changes that occur in the genetic level for better functioning and survival

Evolution

• living things also undergo different stages from birth to maturity

Growth and Development

• continuity of life

• traits are passed from generation to generation

• Allowing organisms to survive and evolve

Reproduction

• all organism are very sensitive to different stimuli – environmental or psychological

Irritability (response to stimuli)

• it means to maintain body functions within specific livable ranges, adjusting to internal and external changes

Homeostasis

• around 3.5 billion years ago

• stromatolites are strong pieces of evidence that the first microbes might have existed during this time

Oldest Geological Evidence of Life

• around 3.0 billion years ago

• also called blue-green algae, were among the earliest organisms on Earth. These primitive bacteria produce oxygen during photosynthesis as they fix CO2 dissolved in the water

Propagation of Cyanobacteria

• around 2.0 billion years ago

Eukaryotic cells evolved when one simple cell engulfed another, and the two lived together, more or less amicably – an example of “endosymbiosis”. The engulfed bacteria eventually become permanent organelles

Appearance of the First Eukaryotes

• around 1.2 billion years ago

• it was believed that multicellular occurred several times

Influx of Multicellular Organism

• around 500 million years ago

it is the time when most of the major groups of animals first appear in the fossil record. This event is sometimes called the "Cambrian Explosion”

The Cambrian Explosion

• around 200 thousand years ago

• modern human might evolved from Homo erectus

Arrival of the Modern Human

• proposed by Alexander Oparin and John Haldane

• proved that organic molecules—the building blocks of life—can be made from inorganic materials.

Primordial Soup Theory

formation of living organism without arising from a similar organism

Spontaneous Generation