Chapter 5

GPP

Gross Primary Productivity

NEP

Net Ecosystem Productivity

What is the equation for NEP

NEP = GPP - (R)ecosystem = NPP - (R)heterotrophic

(R)ecosystem = ?

(R)ecosystem = (R)plant + (R)heterotrophic

(R)ecosystem

Ecosystem Respiration

(R)heterotrophic

Heterotrophic Respiration

what is heterotrophic respiration

Animal and Fungi Respiration

What is the difference between GPP and NPP

GPP = total amount of energy captured during photosynthesis
NPP = energy remaining after heterotrophic respiration

What are the six proximate controls that determine variations in GPP in ecosystems?

Light
Temperature
CO2 availability
Nitrogen supply
leaf area
length of photosynthesis season

What is the fundamental photosynthetic pathway by which carbon enters all ecosystems?

C3 photosynthetic pathway

The process where Rubisco reacts with O₂ instead of CO₂, wast energy and carbon

Photorespiration

The quantity of radiant energy received at a surface per unit time

Irradiance

What two factors determine photosynthetic rate in pelagic ecosystems?

light availability
Nutrient availability

A measure of how easily gases like CO₂ and water vapor move in and out of a leaf through their stomata. It helps the plant control how much CO₂ it takes in for photosynthesis and how much water it loses at the same time.

Stomatal conductance

Why do C4 plants dominate warm and highlight environments?

because even thought thier stoma close C4 plants are able to reduce photorespiration using a different enzyme called PEP carboxylase that only grabs on to Co2 and not O2.

what are the two main oxygen distributors and Carbons sinks?

ocean and plants

What are products of light reactions

O2
NADPH
ATP
Fd(argued)

What are Products of Carbon Fixation

NADP+
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (used for sugar production)
ADP

What are reactants of carbon fixation?

CO2
ATP
NADPH

What are reactants of light reactions?

Water
Sunlight
NADP+
ADP

denoting or involving a period of 24 hours

Diel

A global network of Eddy Covariance Towers for NEE

FLUXNET

A negative NEE

Carbon sink

A positive NEE

Carbon source

PAR

Photosynthetically Active Radiation

ST5

Soil Temperature at 5cm depth

Pleasant smell that frequently accompanies the first rain after a long period of warm, dry weather.

Petrichor

From research paper #8, What do small precipitation events, and increased precipitation lead to?

Increase microbial respiration
Increase NEE

NEE

Net Ecosystem Exchange

Some people might argue that increase CO2 in the atmophere is good, however this is not the whole picture, what is?

Increasing CO2 will cause other nutrients to be limiting reactants

What is the molecule RuBP that fixes CO2 during Carboxylation? what is the product molecule?

Ribulose-1-5-bisphosphate
3-phosphoglycerate

What is the difference between carboxylation and photorespiration?

Carboxylation = RuBP fixes CO2
Photorespiration = RuBP fixes O2

what are the three processes of Carbon fixation?

Carboxylation
Reduction
Regeneration

What are the products of the reduction reaction in carbon fixation?

ADP
NADP+
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate

when is ATP(energy) needed during carbon fixation?

The reduction of NADPH to NADP+
Regeneration

What is the substrate a plant uses to produce Sucrose and Starch?(formed after reduction in carbon fixation).

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate

What are the biggest state factor(s) that influence GPP?

Biota
Time

How much biomass is produced by plants a day?

1g

RuBP is used in C3 plants, what is used in C4 plants?

PEP carboxylase

CAM plants (stomata physiology and purpose)

Open stomata at night to store CO2 and save water
Close Stomata during the day and use stored CO2 for photosynthesis

“In pelagic ecosystems, phytoplankton are relatively well mixed throughout the euphotic zone and have photosynthetic properties similar to _________”In pelagic ecosystems, phytoplankton are relatively well mixed throughout the euphotic zone and have photosyn

Shade Plants

How many Carbons do the first carbohydrates in photorespiration have?

2 + 3 Carbons