Studied by 8 people
Fibrous connective tissue
________: is found in tendons and ligaments.
Heat regulation
________ in mammals often involves the integumentary system: skin, hair, and nails.
Integrator
________: compares signals from the sensor to set point.
Thermoregulation
________ is controlled by a region of the brain called the hypothalamus.
Excretion
________: strategies for the elimination of waste products of protein catabolism.
Nervous tissue
________: initiate and conduct electrical signals from one part of the animals body to another.
Animals
________ may regulate some environmental variables while conforming to others.
Bone
________: mineralized and forms the skeleton.
Conformer
________: allows its internal condition to vary with certain external changes.
Feedforward regulation
________: animals body begins preparing for a change in some variable before it occurs.
Endothermy
________ is more energetically expensive than ectothermy.
animal interacts
Size and shape affect the way a(n) ________ with its environment.
Effector
________: compensates for deviations between actual value and set point.
Positive feedback
________: reinforces the direction of change.
Feedback control
________: maintains the internal environment in many animals.
Ligaments
________: connect bones at joints.
Adipose tissue
________: stores fat for insulation and fuel.
Osmoregulation
________: adaptation to the osmotic environment.
Fever
________ is the result of a change to the set point for a biological thermostat.
Regulator
________: uses internal control mechanisms to moderate internal change in the face of external, environmental fluctuation.
Nervous system
________: transmits information between specific locations.
Hormones
________ are relatively slow acting, but can have long- lasting effects.
Cartilage
________: a strong and flexible support material.
Negative feedback
________: the variable being regulated brings about responses that move the variable in the opposite direction.
Acclimatization
________: homeostasis can adjust to changes in external environment.
body temperature
Ex: Decrease in ________ leads to responses that increase ________.
Insulation
________= skin, fur, feathers, blubber.
Nerve impulses
________ can be received by neurons, muscle cells, endocrine cells, and exocrine cells.
Tendons
________: attach muscles to bones.
Tissues
________ are classified into four main categories: epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous.
internal temperature
In general, ectotherms tolerate greater variation in ________, while endotherms are active at a greater range of external temperatures.
movement of material
In vertebrates, the space between cells is filled with interstitial fluid, which allows for the ________ into and out of cells.
heat loss
The hypothalamus triggers ________ or heat generating mechanisms.
Endocrine system
________: transmits chemical signals called hormones to receptive cells throughout the body via blood.
Epithelial tissue
________: covers the outside of the body and lines the organs and cavities within the body.
Rate of exchange
________ is proportional to a cells surface area while amount of exchange material is proportional to a cells volume.
Thermoregulation
________: adaptation to the thermal environment.
hormone
A(n) ________ may affect one or more regions throughout the body.
Thermoregulation
________: the process by which animals maintain an internal temperature within a tolerable range.
Tissues are classified into four main categories
epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous
Epithelial tissue
covers the outside of the body and lines the organs and cavities within the body
Nervous tissue
initiate and conduct electrical signals from one part of the animals body to another
Neuron
single nerve cell
Loose connective tissue
binds epithelia to underlying tissues and holds organs in place
Cartilage
a strong and flexible support material
Fibrous connective tissue
is found in tendons and ligaments
Tendons
attach muscles to bones
Ligaments
connect bones at joints
Adipose tissue
stores fat for insulation and fuel
Blood
composed of blood cells and cell fragments in blood plasma
Bone
mineralized and forms the skeleton
Endocrine system
transmits chemical signals called hormones to receptive cells throughout the body via blood
Nervous system
transmits information between specific locations
Feedback control
maintains the internal environment in many animals
Regulator
uses internal control mechanisms to moderate internal change in the face of external, environmental fluctuation
Conformer
allows its internal condition to vary with certain external changes
Set point
normal value for controlled variable
Sensor
monitors particular variable
Integrator
compares signals from the sensor to set point
Effector
compensates for deviations between actual value and set point
Example
body temperature in mammals
Acclimatization
homeostasis can adjust to changes in external environment
Thermoregulation
adaptation to the thermal environment
Osmoregulation
adaptation to the osmotic environment
Excretion
strategies for the elimination of waste products of protein catabolism
Thermoregulation
the process by which animals maintain an internal temperature within a tolerable range
Endothermic animals
generate heat by metabolism; birds and mammals are endotherms
Ectothermic animals
gain heat from external sources ectotherms include most invertebrates, fishes, amphibians, and nonavian reptiles
Heat regulation in mammals often involves the integumentary system
skin, hair, and nails
Negative feedback
the variable being regulated brings about responses that move the variable in the opposite direction
ex
Decrease in body temperature leads to responses that increase body temperature
Positive feedback
reinforces the direction of change
ex
Birth in mammals
Feedforward regulation
animals body begins preparing for a change in some variable before it occurs
Note 
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