Humanities Art Final Study Guide (wip)

ARH

formalism

________ is the study of art by analyzing and comparing form and style—the way objects are made and their purely visual aspects

human condition

____________ are the characteristics, key events, and situations which compose the essentials of human existence, such as birth, growth, emotionality, aspiration, conflict, and mortality.

value

The elements of art include: line, space, texture, color, shape, form and __________.

before the written word

The definition of "prehistoric" generally means __________.

bronze

____________ allowed the beginnings of urban civilization, metal tools, government, and proto-writing.

megalithic architecture

Monuments from the Neolithic period in Western Europe, such as Stonehenge, are characterized by _____________

Amun (Mut and Khonsu)

The Temple at Karnak was an enormous, open-aired religious site, constructed over 1500 years by many pharaohs, and dedicated to the supreme deity __________.

first time

Temples in Egypt were connected to the idea of zep tepi, or ___________.

Amarna period

This period, characterized by monotheism and a radically different artistic style, occurred during the New Kingdom, but it is so distinctive it has its own name: the __________.

geometric

Cycladic figures are based in simple _____________ shapes.

architecture

Mycenaean culture can be summarized by its ________.

heraldic composition

This composition of lions or another feline animal flanking a single object is known as a __________.

grave

Monumental kraters and amphorae were made and decorated as ___________ markers, and these vessels are characteristic of Geometric vase painting during this period.

Greek mythology

Many classical works of Greek art highlight tales from ____________.

kouroi

Two of the most distinctive forms of free-standing sculpture to emerge during the Archaic period of Greek art (about 600-480 B.C.E.) were statues of youths (___________) and maidens (korai)

Greek and Roman

The Etruscan culture provides a bridge between the ________________ and _______________ cultures.

on the roof

The statue of Apulu (Apollo) from Veii was originally located __________.

facial characteristics

Verism refers to a hyper-realistic portrayal of the subject’s __________.

contrapposto

In sculpture a relaxed pose where one leg bears weight is called ________.

true

True or False: The human species originated on the African continent, making it the oldest inhabited territory on Earth.

Nok

The earliest African sculpture in the round is from the ____________ culture.

head

The inner power and energy of a person, or their Ase, was believed to reside in their _________.

true

True or False: An illuminated manuscript is a book written and decorated completely by hand.

vault of heaven

The interior of the dome of the Dome of the Rock represents the _________.

iconoclasm

_______________ refers to any destruction of images, including the Byzantine Iconoclastic Controversy of the eighth and ninth centuries, although the Byzantines themselves did not use this term.

Mesoamerica

______________ includes diverse civilizations that shared similar cultural characteristics in the geographic areas comprising the modern-day countries of Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Belize, El Salvador, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica.

logographic

Mixtec codices represent a type of writing classified as ________________, meaning the characters and pictures used represent complete words and ideas instead of syllables or sounds.

earth

Geoglyphs are designs formed onto the ____________.

Romanesque

____________ refers to the art of Europe from the late 10th century to the rise of the Gothic style in the 13th century.

Abbot Suger

________ is considered the ′′Father of the Gothic period′′ as he launched the Gothic style with his renovations at the Saint-Denis.

round

Romanesque architecture is distinguished by massive quality, thick walls, _____________ arches, sturdy piers, groin vaults, large towers, and decorative arcades.

fresco

_________ is a type of wall painting in which color pigments are mixed with water and applied to wet plaster. As the plaster and pigments dry, they fuse together and the painting becomes a part of the wall itself.

Italy

Renaissance art, which began in __________, stressed the forms of classical antiquity, a realistic representation of space based on scientific perspective, and secular subjects.

mannerism

__________ is a style of art developed at the end of the High Renaissance, characterized by the deliberate distortion and exaggeration of perspective, especially the elongation of figures.

humanism

While ___________ initially began as a predominantly literary movement, its influence quickly pervaded the general culture of the time, reintroducing classical Greek and Roman art forms and leading to the Renaissance.

individualist

The early Qing dynasty developed in two main strands: the Orthodox School and the ____________ painters. Both approaches followed the theories of Dong Qichang but stressed different aspects.

Confucian

The rise of white porcelain occurred as a result of __________ influence and ideals, resulting in purer, less pretentious forms lacking artifice and complexity.

paintings

Zen art is primarily characterized by original __________ (such as sumi-e) and poetry (especially haiku) that strive to express the true essence of the world through impressionistic and unadorned representations.

Rococo

__________ salons are characterized by their elaborate detail, intricate patterns, serpentine design work, asymmetry, and a predisposition to lighter, pastel, and gold-based color palettes.

in the open air

En plein air is a French expression that means “_________.”

impressionism

_____________ is a 19th century movement known for its paintings that aimed to depict the transience of light, and to capture scenes of modern life and the natural world in their ever-shifting conditions.

realism

___________ is an artistic movement that began in France in the 1850s, rejected

Romanticism, seeking instead to portray contemporary subjects and situations with truth and accuracy.

fauvism

____________ is an artistic movement of the last part of the 19th century that emphasized spontaneity and the use of extremely bright colors.

cubist

Picasso and Georges Braque co-founded the ___________ movement, one of the most influential movements in Modern Art.

art deco

___________ emerged from the Interwar period and combines traditional craft motifs with Machine-Age imagery and materials.

constructivism

___________ is an artistic and architectural philosophy that originated in Russia beginning in 1919, which was a rejection of the idea of autonomous art. The movement was in favor of art as a practice for social purposes.

surrealism

__________ is an artistic movement and aesthetic philosophy that aims for the liberation of the mind by emphasizing the critical and imaginative powers of the subconscious.

dada

_________ is a cultural movement that began in Zürich, Switzerland during World War I and peaked from 1916 to 1920. The movement primarily involved visual arts, poetry, theatre, and graphic design, and was characterized by nihilism, deliberate irrationality, disillusionment, cynicism, chance, randomness, and the rejection of the prevailing standards in art.

assemblage

__________ is the practice of creating two-dimensional or three-dimensional artistic compositions by combining and manipulating found objects.

minimalism

__________ is used to describe a trend in design and architecture in which the subject is reduced to its necessary elements.