Apush unit one

The Columbian Exchange

A. An exchange
B. Worldwide
C. An exchange of goods, foods, ideas, and peoples between the "Old World" of Europe and Africa, and the "New World" of the Americas. This exchange shaped the world's ecology.

Slash-and-burn agriculture

A. Agricultural practice
B. North America
C. This practice included the cutting and burning of plants to create land fit for farming. It was one of the main practices that Native Americans used in cultivating land.

Malaria

A. Disease
B. Worldwide
C. One of many mosquito-born diseases brought to the Americas during the Columbian Exchange. Killed many people, especially Native Americans.

"Noble Savage"

a. term
b. Europe
c. This is an inaccurate way of portraying indigenous groups or minority cultures as innocent, childlike, or uncorrupted by the negative characteristics of "civilization." This term was popular throughout Europe during the exploration of the Americas.

Encomienda System

A. Spanish system
B. The Americas
C. This system was used by the Spanish against the Natives. The Spanish King gave Spaniards the right to use Native labor and convert them to Christianity.

Bartolome de Las Casas

A. Priest
B. Spain and the Americas
C. He was a sixteenth-century Spanish priest. He was known for his missionary work and for exposing the oppression of Natives by European colonists.

The Black Legend

A. Propaganda
B. Europe, the Americas
C. This was the portrayal of the Spanish in a demonizing way using historical writing as propaganda. In the process it portrayed the English as selfless and altruistic.

Mestizos

A. A term to describe race
B. The Americas
C. This term describes a person of European and Indigenous descent. It was important because it shaped the society of the Spanish New World.

Juan de Oñate

A. Spanish conquistador
B. The Americas
C. He led the Acoma Massacre, which was the Spanish retaliating against the Acoma tribe of what is now New Mexico. His actions demonstrated the conflict between colonizers and the colonized of Spanish North America.

Popé's Revolt

A. A revolt
B. Modern-day New Mexico
C. ​​This revolt took place in 1680 was the uprising of Pueblo Indians against the Spanish. The Pueblo's independence was short-lived as the Spanish came back in 1692

Spanish Armada

A. A fleet of ships
B. The English Channel
C. This fleet of ships was defeated in 1588 by England. The defeat of this fleet led to England becoming the power of the seas.

William Hogarth's "Gin Lane"

A. Painting
B. London
C. This painting depicted the struggles of addiction, especially on gin, a cheap alcoholic drink. Compare this to Hogarth's other paintings where he depicts the British drinking the far "healthier" beer.

Richard Hakluyt

A. A minister
B. England
C. This minister wrote documents to persuade Queen Elizabeth to colonize the New World. He insisted colonization would undermine the Spanish.

Elizabeth I

A. Queen
B. England
C. She firmly developed Protestantism in her country through the establishment of the Anglican Church and the persecution of Catholics. The colony of Virginia is named for her.

Puritanism

A. Protestant sect
B. New England
C. They believed that the Anglican Church needed to be "purified" from its Catholic influences. They also believed in predestination and that only a few were of "The Elect" that would gain salvation. They settled in Massachusetts.

King Charles I

A. King of England
B. England
C. He suppressed the Puritans so much that they eventually left for the Netherlands. This would lead to the Puritans eventually going to the New World for religious freedom. This shaped the path of America. He also lost the English Civil War and was beheaded.

Samuel de Champlain

A. navigator
B. France and Canada
C. He was a French navigator and the founder of Quebec in Canada. He also was the first one to create an accurate map of the Canadian coast. He was important because he founded the settlement that would lead to many wars that shaped North America

Jesuit

A. Catholic religious order
B. Worldwide
C. Also known as the "Society of Jesus" This religious order was established by Ignatius Loyola. They played a prominent role in converting Native Americans to Christianity. (Ex. John Bapst)

Dutch West India Company

A. Company
B. Amsterdam, Netherlands
C. Its purpose was to open trade in North and South America and to build forts, maintain troops, and challenge Spanish trade, especially in the West Indies. They made bank.

New Amsterdam

A. A colony
B. Located at the edge of Manhattan Island, near the Hudson.
C. This settlement was created by the Dutch at the end of Manhattan. Trade was the purpose of the colony. It was later annexed by King James II.

Peter Stuyvesant

A. Dutch colonial officer
B. New Netherland
C. He served as director-general of New Netherland. New Netherland was later split into New York and New Jersey with smaller areas becoming part of other colonies and later states.

King Charles II

a. King
b. England
c. A member of the Stuart Dynasty. He defeated the Dutch to capture New Amsterdam and renamed it "New York."

Samuel de Champlain

a. navigator

b. France and Canada

c. He was important because he founded the city of Quebec, Canada. He also made the first accurate map of coastal Canada.

Dutch West India Company

a. company

b. Amsterdam, Netherlands

c. The goal of this company was to trade. Their focus was on building forts, maintaining trade with Spain and the West Indies.

King Charles II

a. king

b. England

c. He was part of the Stuart dynasty. He defeated the Dutch, capturing New Amsterdam, renaming it “New York”

Richard Hakluyt

a. minister

b. England

c. He wrote documents to persuade Queen Elizabeth I to explore what is now New England. His belief was that by doing this, the Brits would be able to undermine the Spanish.

Juan de Onate

a. Spanish conquistador

b. Americas

c. He led the Acoma Massacre in what is now New Mexico. The Spanish retaliated against the Pueblo INdians.