Laws of Motion and Momentum

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Just some flashcards for revision

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12 Terms

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Mass

Amount of matter, a base quantity measured in kilograms (kg)

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Inertia

The tendency of an object to resist a change in its state of motion

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Newtons first law of motion

A body will remain at rest or continue to move with constant velocity unless acted upon by a resultant force

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Newtons second law of motion

The rate of change of momentum of an object is directly proportional to the resultant force and takes place in the direction of the force

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Newtons third law of motion

When two objects interact, each exerts an equal but opposite force of the same type on the other during the interaction

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Linear momentum

mass Ă— velocity (of a particle), measured in kg ms-1 or Ns. It is a vector quantity as it is a product of a scalar (mass) and a vector (velocity)

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Law / principle of conservation of momentum

For a system of interacting objects, the total momentum in a specified direction remains constant, as long as no external forces act on the system.

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(Perfectly) Elastic collision

Collision in which momentum and total kinetic energy are both conseved

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Inelastic collision

A collision in which momentum is conserved but kinetic energy is transferred to other forms, e.g. heat

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Difference(s) between perfectly elastic and inelastic collisions

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Impulse

The area under a force-time graph - the product of force and the time for which the force acts (FΔt). Is equal to the change in momentum (Δp). The unit of impulse is Ns or kgms-1.

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Deriving impulse from nextons second law of motion

According to Newton's second law of motion: net force = rate of change of momentum; F=Δp/Δt

Rearranging this equation gives: F × Δt = Δp

Impulse of a force is defined as the product of force and the time for which this force acts on an object. Therefore impulse of a force = change in momentum.