Study Guide: Meiosis & Mendelian Genetics

These flashcards cover key concepts from Meiosis and Mendelian Genetics, including definitions, processes, and ratios to prepare for the exam.

A visual display of homologous chromosome pairs organized by size and shape is called __________.

karyotype

2n = __________ (body cells)

diploid

n = __________ (gametes)

haploid

If 2n = 32, the number of homologous pairs is __________.

16 pairs

Humans have a diploid number of __________ chromosomes.

46

The purpose of meiosis is to produce __________ gametes.

haploid

The sequence of the human life cycle is __________ → fertilization → diploid zygote.

haploid gametes

In Meiosis I, __________ chromosomes separate.

homologous

In Meiosis II, __________ chromatids separate.

sister

Tetrads form and crossing over occurs during __________ I.

Prophase

Homologous pairs line up during __________ I.

Metaphase

In Anaphase I, __________ chromosomes separate.

homologous

Cells become haploid during __________ I (chromosomes still duplicated).

Telophase

Crossing over increases __________ variation.

genetic

In Metaphase I, independent assortment allows for __________ alignment.

random

Mitosis results in __________ daughter cells.

2

Meiosis results in __________ daughter cells.

4

Mitosis maintains ploidy as __________ → diploid.

Diploid

Meiosis changes ploidy from diploid to __________.

haploid

The purpose of meiosis is __________ production.

gamete

Alleles are different versions of a __________.

gene

The genetic makeup of an organism is called its __________.

genotype

The physical trait expressed by an organism is called its __________.

phenotype

Gametes from a genotype TtYy are __________.

TY, Ty, tY, ty

The probability for each child being a boy or a girl is always __________.

50/50

The ratio for a monohybrid cross is __________.

3:1

The ratio for a dihybrid cross is __________.

9:3:3:1

A heterozygous × recessive cross results in a __________ ratio.

~1:1