AP Euro Topic 1.6 Technology and Exploration Terms and Names (Amsco Bolded)

AMSCO AP Euro 1.6

Jesuits

Also known as the Society of Jesus; founded by Ignatius Loyola (1491-1556) as a teaching and missionary order to resist the spread of Protestantism.

Marco Polo

13th Century Venetian Italian explorer who wrote about his travels to Central Asia and China inspiring interest in trade with the East

Ottoman Empire

A Muslim empire based in modern day Turkey that lasted from the 1300's to 1922. Blocked trade routes to East, forcing ocean exploration.

mercantilism

An economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought

Favorable Balance of Trade

an economic situation in which a country sells more goods abroad than it buys from abroad, it is essential for Mercantilism

Exports

Goods and Services sold to other countries

Imports

goods and services purchased from other countries

colony

a country or area under the full or partial political control of another country, typically a distant one, and occupied by settlers from that country.

Jean Baptiste Colbert

Chief Minister of Finance under Louis XIV, huge supporter of Mercantilism.

navigation

the science of planning and controlling the direction of a ship

portolani

the charts of landmasses and coastlines made by navigators and mathematicians in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries

cartography

The science of making maps

lateen sails

A triangular sail attached to a short mast, makes steering ship with the wind more manageable.

sternpost rudder

invented in China during the Han Dynasty, it allowed for better navigation and control of ships of increasing size. The Europeans adopted it in 15th Century.

astrolabe

An instrument used by sailors to determine their location by observing the position of the stars and planets

quadrant

a smaller and lighter version of the Astrolabe that helped sailors determine their location.

compass

navigational instrument that uses magnets for determining directions