GED Math

sum

the answer to an addition problem

the difference

the answer to a subtraction problem

product

the answer to a multiplication problem

quotient

the answer to a division problem

divisor

the number you divide by

remainder

the number that remains after subtraction

words used in addtion word problems

sum, total, all together

words used in a subtraction word problem

how much more, how much less, find the difference, and deduct

words often used in division word problems

share, split, per, average and grouped into

gross

total amount of salary before deducting taxes, espenses, etc.

net

amount of salary remaining after deducting taxes, expenses, etc.

parentheses in a math equation

do this part first

exponent

a mathematical notation indicating the number of times a quantity is multiplied by itself

base number

a number that has an exponent

square root

a number that when multiplied by itself equals a given number

order of operations

Please Excuse My Dear Aunt Sally
P - parentheses
E - exponents
M - multiplication
D - division
A - addition
S - subtraction

Mean or average

The sum (+) of all data divided by the number of data points

median

The middle number in a set of numbers that are listed in order

perimeter

the sums of the lenghts of all sides of a figure

length

longer sides of a rectangle

width

shorter sides of a rectangle

area

the measure of flat surface inside its perimeter

volume

the amount of space inside a three-dimensional figure
v=(pi X r squared)h -- volumn = (pi X radius squared)height

fraction

a small part or item forming a piece of a whole

numerator

the part of a fraction above the line, which tells how many parts are being counted.

denominator

the part of a fraction below the line, which tells how many equal parts there are in the whole or in the group.

equivalent fractions

different fractions that name the same amount

reducing fractions to the lowest terms

the smallest equivalent fraction

improper fraction

a fraction whose numerator is larger than the denominator

mixed number

a number made up of a whole number and a fraction

lowest common denominator

the smallest number, other than zero, that can be the denominator for two or more common fractions

triangle

a three-sided polygon

perimeter of a triangle

add all the sids

area of a triangle

A=1/2 bh -- Area = 1/2 base X height

right triangle

a triangle with one right angle

parallelograms

similar to a rectangle, four sids, and each pair of opposite sides are parallel and equal

area of a parallelogram

A = bh -- Area=base x height

1 year

365 days
52 weeks
12 months

1 pint

16 ounces
2 cups

1 quart

32 ounces
4 cups

1 gallon

4 quarts
128 ounces
16 cups

1 foot

12 inches

1 yard

3 feet
36 inches

1 pound -- 1lb

16 ounces

1 ton

2,000 pounds

1 liter

approx. 1 quart

1 milliliter

1/1000 of a liter

1 gram

1/28 of an ounce

1 milligram

1/1000 of a gram

1 kilogram

1000 grams
2.2 pounds

1 meter

39 inches

1 millimeter

1/1000 of a meter

1 kilometer

1000 meters
.62 miles

tenths

0.1

hundredths

0.01

thousandths

0.001

ten thousandths

0.0001

hundred thousandths

0.00001

circumfrence of a circle

the distance around a circle
c=pi X d -- circumfrence = pi X diameter

center of a circle

exact middle of a circle

radius of a circle

is the line segment connecting the center of the circle to any point on the circle

r=d/2 -- radius=diameter/2

diameter of a circle

A line that passes through the center of the circle, connecting any two points

d=2r -- diameter=2 X radius

pi

3.14

cubic units

the units volume is measured in

line graph

a type of graph used to show the relationship between two variables that are numbers on an x-axis and a y-axis

pie chart

a circular chart divided into triangular areas proportional to the percentages of the whole

table

a set of data arranged in rows and columns

bar graph

a graph that uses horizontal or vertical bars to display data

number line

a line for representing and graphing numbers. Each point on the line corresponds to a number.

monomial

an algebraic expression consisting of a single term that does not require any addition or subtraction -- 5y

coeffcient

a number that is being multiplied to be a variable -- in 5y the 5

variable

a symbol (like x or y) that is used in mathematical or logical expressions to represent a variable quantity -- in 5y the y

adding numbers with signs

if the signs are the same (-,-) or (+,+) add the 2 numbers and label with the sign
7 + 3 = 10
-5 + (-3) = -8

If the signs are different (-,+) or (+,-) arrange with the larger number first then subtract then label the answer with the sign of the larger number
4 + -6 = -6 + 4 = -2

subtracting numbers with signs

step 1: change the subtraction problem into an addition problem

step 2: change the sign of the second number

step 3: follow the rules of adding numbers with signs

- 16 - 6
step 1: -16 + 6 =
step 2: -16 + (-6) =
step 3: -16 + (-6) = -22

12 - (-7) =
12 + (-7) =
12 + 7 =
12 + 7 = 19

multiplying and dividing with signed numbers

Signs are alike -- answer is positive
Signs are different -- answer is negative

ratio

a comparison of two numbers

vertex of an angle

the initial point of an angle

right angle

angle that is 90 degrees

acute angle

angle that measures less than 90 degrees

obtuse angle

An angle that measures more than 90 degrees but less than 180 degrees

straight angle

an angle that measures exactly 180 degrees

complementary angles

Two angles whose sum is 90 degrees

supplementary angles

Two angles whose sum is 180 degrees

bisectors

a line that divides the angle in half

vertical angle

either of two equal and opposite angles formed by the intersection of two straight lines

transversal

a line that intersects two or more parallel lines

equilateral triangle

a triangle with three equal sides -- all angles = 60 degrees (sum of all angles is 180)

isoceles triangle

Triangle with 2 equal sides and 2 equal angles (sum of all angles is 180)

scalene triangle

A triangle with sides of different lengths and no two angles are the same (sum of all angles is 180)

right triangle

one of the angles is always 90 degrees, the other two sides could be the same or different but will always = 90 degrees (sum of all angles is 180)

sum of all angles in a triangle

the sum of all angles of a triangle always adds up to 180 degrees

similar triangles

similar triangles have corresponding angles that are equal and corresponding sides that are proportional

pythagorean theorem

a²+b²=c²
where c always represents the hypotenuse and a and b represent the other sides of a right triangle